The road to 10 million TPS for Ethereum L1/L2 ecosystem: • Fast L1: Ultra-fast user experience with finality in seconds (short slots + fast finality) • Gigagas L1: L1 reaching ~1 gigagas/s (around 10k TPS) powered by zkEVM + real-time proofs • Teragas L2: L2 reaching ~1 GB/s (around 10M TPS) enabled by Data Availability Sampling (DAS) • Post-quantum L1: Quantum-resistant cryptography (hash-based schemes) • Private L1: Native privacy supporting shielded ETH transfers (private transactions) Once achieved, it can support an economy of billions of AI agents and serve as the foundation for humanity's new financial system. Ethereum will ultimately become the world's settlement layer and the infrastructure for on-chain AI agent residents.