European nations led by Emmanuel Macron and Keir Starmer are drafting a postwar plan to secure shipping through the Strait of Hormuz via an international coalition excluding “belligerents” such as the U.S., Israel and Iran. The proposal includes clearing mines, escorting vessels and restoring traffic confidence after hostilities end. Germany may join, expanding resources. European officials remain divided over excluding the U.S., while the mission would likely require coordination with Iran and regional states before deployment.(金十数据)