Wu said that Vitalik Buterin revealed the two core directions for Ethereum's execution layer upgrades: state tree restructuring and virtual machine adjustments, aiming to address the main bottleneck of proof efficiency. On the state level, EIP-7864 proposes replacing the current hexary Merkle Patricia Tree with a binary tree structure based on a more efficient hash function. This would shorten Merkle branches, reduce bandwidth and proof costs, and optimize storage access structures. For the long-term direction, he suggested gradually replacing the EVM with a more proof-friendly virtual machine (like RISC-V) to improve execution and ZK proof efficiency. The transition path might include initial use for precompiles, then opening up for contract deployment, and eventually running the EVM as a compatibility layer. This would maintain backward compatibility while only involving adjustments to Gas costs. https://www.(wublock123.com)/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=6&id=57402