[Vitalik: PeerDAS in the Fusaka Upgrade Implements Ethereum Sharding, Focus Will Be on Optimizing PeerDAS Stability Over the Next Two Years] BlockBeats News, December 4th, Vitalik Buterin published an article celebrating the successful Ethereum Fusaka upgrade, stating that PeerDAS in the Fusaka upgrade has achieved sharding and data availability sampling—this has been a long-standing dream for Ethereum. Although the transaction scale has seen a secondary growth on Layer 2 by increasing blob capacity—recent analysis suggests that L2 fees could drop by 40-60%—Layer 1 remains constrained until zero-knowledge EVMs mature, while also requiring distributed block building and sharded mempools. This marks a critical evolution in blockchain scalability, filling a decade-long gap in the roadmap since Ethereum's sharding vision in 2015. The next two years will focus on optimizing PeerDAS stability and expanding L1 gas limits to achieve broader throughput.