Always glad to see when people appreciate the protocol changes that add hard invariants, improving protocol security and future adaptability 2021: EIP-2929 + 3529 (SLOAD gas cost increase, refunds nerfed) 2024: SELFDESTRUCT nerf (Dencun) 2025: 16,777,216 gas per tx limit All of these put various kinds of hard caps on how much can happen within a single block or a single transaction, eliminating entire classes of DoS risk, enabling client code simplification, and creating more options for how to increase efficiency. Invariants I expect we will want soon: * Cap number of code bytes accessed (short term: increase cost of calling big contracts, medium term: binary tree + per-chunk pricing) * Bounds on ZK-EVM prover cycles (repricings) * Changes to memory pricing to create a clearer hard bound on max EVM memory consumption(vitalik.eth)