Stanford HAI's '2025 AI Index Report' points out that while AI training costs are high (e.g., GPT-4 costs around $79 million), hardware performance grows 43% annually, costs drop by 30%, and energy efficiency improves by 40%. These efficiency gains can offset some of the pressure and support long-term sustainability. McKinsey's '2025 Technology Trends Outlook' report emphasizes that investors view losses as 'growth fuel.' With the explosive demand for AI in fields like healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, OpenAI's moat—such as proprietary models like GPT-5 and o2—positions it to capture a trillion-dollar market, making current deficits seem insignificant. https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/hai_ai_index_report_2025.pdf