Based on Ethereum's technology roadmap for the next two years, share several possibilities for "technological breakthroughs" The direction that provides support for prices (provided by E Guard): 1) ZkEVM layer1 integration Implementation timeline: Complete the deployment of the main network from Q4 2025 to Q2 2026; Technical objective: -99% of blocks complete verification within 10 seconds; -Reduce the cost of zero knowledge proof verification by 80%; Implementation significance: -The market share of stablecoins such as USDC and USDT on the Ethereum main chain will further expand, and the daily gas consumption will correspondingly increase, directly driving ETH deflation; -ZkEVM zero knowledge proof technology provides compliance and privacy protection for traditional financial institutions, and large-scale DeFi application scenarios for institutions are expected to be activated; 2) RISC-V executes new architecture Implementation timeline: Research and development will begin in the second half of 2025, and will gradually advance in stages from 2026 to 2030; Technical objective: -Improve the execution efficiency of smart contracts by 3-5 times; -Reduce gas costs by 50-70%; -The open-source instruction set architecture replaces the current EVM and is more compatible with modern hardware acceleration technology; Implementation significance: -The scale improvement of execution performance will give rise to new application scenarios, such as high-frequency trading, real-time gaming, AI inference, small payments, micro transactions, etc; -Lower gas costs will reactivate small-scale trading scenarios, significantly expanding the user base and usage frequency, forming a positive cycle of ETH demand; 3) Layer1-Layer2 Ecological Collaboration Implementation timeline: Starting from Q4 2025 and continuously optimized from 2026-2027; Technical objective: -Realize seamless interoperability between L1 and major L2 (Arbitrarum, Optimism, Base, etc.); -Currently, the dispersed liquidity is about 120 billion TVL, and the unified liquidity pool TVL has exceeded 200 billion US dollars; -Reduce cross layer transaction costs by 90% and achieve cross layer confirmation within 10 seconds; Implementation significance: -The DeFi protocol can more efficiently aggregate the liquidity of the entire ecosystem (L1+L2), generating a network effect of 1+1>2, significantly improving the capital efficiency and application experience of the entire Ethereum ecosystem; 4) Economic optimization for validators Implementation timeline: Starting from the second half of 2025, synchronized optimization with various technological upgrades, and continuous improvement for 2 years; Technical objective: -The minimum staking threshold for validators has gradually decreased from 32 ETH to 16 ETH, and even ultimately to 1 ETH; -The annualized yield of pledge has increased from the current 4-6% to 6-8%; -Simplify the threshold for validator operation, support light node verification, and enhance network decentralization; Implementation significance: -The reduction of the threshold for validators and optimization of the yield model are expected to increase the ETH staking rate from the current level of about 25% to over 40% (about 48 million ETH is locked in), further reducing the circulating supply of ETH and strengthening deflationary expectations; -The increase in pledge income will enhance the attractiveness of ETH as a "digital bond" and provide fundamental support for its valuation; 5) Sharding Technology Returns (ETH 3.0) Implementation timeline: Design and development will begin in 2026, and will be achieved in 2027-2028 or later; Technical objective: -Combining zkEVM+sharding to achieve millions of transaction processing capabilities per second; -Reduce data availability costs by 99%; -Distribute blockchain data across multiple shards, allowing validators to only process a portion of the data; Implementation significance: -The reintroduction of sharding indicates that Ethereum is preparing for the large-scale adoption of Web3 in the next decade, and the long cherished dream of a "world computer" will be re elevated on the agenda; Note: The above content is for reference only. The specific implementation is subject to the final interpretation by @ VitalikButerin of Dawei Shenlong, and is not subject to the will of the Iron Blood E Guard. It only represents the direction and expectations of the next technological iteration of the Great Ether. Please take a detour, E Black.