Both parties will jointly create a next-generation payment infrastructure that supports real-time settlement, chain-agnostic interoperability, and verifiable privacy.

Mantle Network officially announced a deep technical integration with the x402 protocol to jointly advance the construction of a high-performance, autonomous payment network aimed at the Machine Economy. This integration not only represents Mantle's key strategic layout in the fields of AI and payments but also marks its clear vision to become the core layer of value flow in the next generation of the internet.

By combining x402's native payment protocol with Mantle's high-performance modular Layer 2 architecture, both parties will work together to build a next-generation payment infrastructure that supports real-time settlement, chain-agnostic interoperability, and verifiable privacy.

Since its launch by Coinbase in May 2025, the x402 protocol has redefined the value interaction model between machines with its innovative "HTTP 402 Payment Required" mechanism. To date, its ecosystem has achieved a critical leap from meme-driven to infrastructure-driven, gaining support from top institutions such as a16z, Visa, and Google. As a strategic participant, Mantle Network not only views x402 as a core component of its AI and RWA strategy but will also invest in technology, assets, and ecological resources to fully promote the evolution of x402 from a multi-chain protocol to a global payment standard supporting the Agentic Economy. This collaboration highlights Mantle's firm commitment to an AI-driven future and lays a solid foundation for building a seamless liquidity hub connecting Web2 and Web3.

Introduction to the Core Mechanism of x402 Protocol

x402 is an open, chain-agnostic standard protocol that deeply couples the HTTP protocol with blockchain payment processes. Its workflow is as follows: when a client (such as an AI Agent) initiates a resource request, if the payment is not completed, the server will return an HTTP 402 status code and include structured JSON data in the response body, including the required maximum amount (maxAmountRequired), payment address (payTo), asset contract address (such as USDC), and other information. The client then generates a payment authorization using EIP-712 signatures, and after the server verifies this authorization, it completes the transaction broadcasting and settlement, achieving end-to-end automated payment.

High Compatibility of Mantle Architecture with x402

Mantle's modular design and high-performance components provide solid assurance for the operation of the x402 protocol in high-frequency, real-time, and trusted environments:

• Native USDC and EIP-3009 Support: Mantle has integrated native USDC and fully supports the EIP-3009 standard, providing a stable and compliant payment asset foundation for the x402 ecosystem, thereby lowering the technical threshold for protocol integration.

• Zero-Knowledge Proofs Enhance Security and Compliance: Through collaboration with Succinct SP1 to provide ZKP capabilities, Mantle can offer verifiable state proofs for the x402 payment authorization process, enhancing anti-fraud capabilities while also providing a technical foundation for compliance audits.

• Preconfs Achieve Millisecond Finality: Mantle's unique pre-confirmation mechanism provides millisecond transaction confirmation speeds for x402 in high-throughput scenarios (such as bank-level transfers and AI decision payments), far exceeding traditional L2 networks and fully meeting the stringent requirements of AI Agents for instant finality.

In addition, Mantle's future high-performance execution layer based on reth will further enhance network processing capabilities, providing thousands of TPS support potential for the batch micropayment scenarios targeted by the x402 protocol. These technical features collectively form Mantle's differentiated advantages within the x402 ecosystem: Preconfs accelerate payment flows, ZKP ensures verification credibility, and multi-asset support expands application boundaries.

Mantle's Technical Evolution Plan for the x402 Ecosystem - Technical Director Raymond @raymond.cheng stated:

To continuously optimize the performance and security of the x402 protocol in practical applications, Mantle proposes the following key evolution directions:

• Development of General Authorization Contracts: In response to the current lack of EIP-3009 support for most ERC-20 tokens, Mantle will launch dedicated authorization contracts to expand the usability of general tokens in the x402 process and introduce configurable time-limited, amount-limited, and frequency-limited mechanisms to strengthen risk control.

• Facilitator Service Optimization: Utilize Preconfs to enhance the success rate and response efficiency of large transactions; for small, high-frequency scenarios, introduce a collateral-based optimistic batch settlement mechanism to significantly improve user experience.

• Build a Chain-Agnostic x402 Experience: Mantle plans to launch a Facilitator Aggregator service that intelligently recommends the optimal payment path based on the user's on-chain environment and needs, enhancing the unified experience of x402 in multi-chain environments and reducing ecological fragmentation.

Mantle: The Ideal "Liquidity Layer" for x402 Evolution

Mantle's development strategy deeply integrates three major trends: banking-level infrastructure, AI-driven economy, and real-world assets (RWA), aligning closely with the x402 protocol's development path towards all-scenario payments. As x402 gradually expands to more blockchain networks, Mantle, with its Preconfs, diverse on-chain quality assets (such as mETH, cmETH, fbTC, USDe, etc.), and growing liquidity, will become a key vehicle for x402 to realize its vision of "any asset support."

In the future, AI Agents operating on Mantle can autonomously complete data procurement or RWA transactions at extremely low costs (e.g., 0.002 USDe) through the x402 protocol, while simultaneously enjoying asset returns during the payment process. This scenario will redefine the boundaries of capital efficiency and payment experience, further solidifying Mantle's position as a "Web3 liquidity hub" and driving its evolution from a crypto-native platform to a comprehensive liquidity infrastructure connecting Web2 and Web3.

Key Advisor Emily shared her views and expectations regarding x402 on Mantle:

The deep integration of the x402 protocol with Mantle Network is not only a strong collaboration of technology stacks but also a crucial step in building the future autonomous economic system. Mantle is driving x402 from a market hotspot to large-scale commercial use through continuous technological innovation and ecological construction, providing developers and enterprises with a fast track to the next generation of AI-driven payments. We welcome global developers to explore the infinite possibilities of the x402 protocol on Mantle through integrated platforms like QuestFlow - we are ready to lead the next wave of Web3 innovation.

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