Title: "Analyzing the Inherent Logic of PayPal Stablecoin Payments and the Evolutionary Thinking Towards Mass Adoption"

Author: Will Awang

On May 31, 2024, PayPal announced the launch of its stablecoin PayPal USD (PYUSD) on the Solana blockchain. This marks another significant milestone since PayPal first introduced PYUSD on the Ethereum mainnet in August last year. It not only provides its users with a new and efficient payment method but also offers important reference for the future trends of the entire payment industry.

In the process of writing the Web3 Payment Research Report and discussing with industry companies, I have been pondering a question: Is stablecoin payment really necessary? Coincidentally, with the launch of PYUSD on Solana, PayPal, from a very practical perspective, has provided an answer about payment freedom:

"People want to pay as they please. The current payment networks are unable to meet the demand. Crypto can meet the demand and is practical. Therefore, as a financial technology company dedicated to promoting payment innovation, we are launching a stablecoin payment solution to meet people's current desire for flexible payments."

Therefore, this article will attempt to analyze PayPal's shift towards Crypto, the stablecoin payment solution launched with PYUSD on Solana, and the evolutionary thinking towards PYUSD's mass adoption. I hope this can provide reference for the industry, and welcome discussions.

I. Why PayPal is Shifting Towards Crypto

As a global leading payment company, PayPal has over twenty years of global payment experience. During these twenty years, along with the mature development of e-commerce, PayPal has not only established itself as a trusted beacon, providing users with the endorsement of trust for transactions, but also achieved the large-scale popularization and application of internet digital payment networks.

PayPal's original intention has always remained unchanged - to promote payment innovation and enable everyone to pay according to their own wishes.

However, so far, payment innovation has been built on the same basic financial track as when the internet emerged. Although the industry has been striving to provide global, instant, and seamless transactions, the reality often shows its shortcomings:

The settlement time for online payments is still long (averaging 2-3 days in the United States), and markets, banks, and service providers need to operate on business days, further extending the settlement time; employers find it difficult to pay the increasingly distributed workforce; the increasingly globalized population finds it difficult to make cross-border remittances in a low-cost and efficient manner; and businesses most commonly feel this friction, while consumers still endure long waits in what they perceive as a fast payment environment.

In short, people today cannot pay as they wish.

This is the reason why PayPal is shifting towards Crypto, and the answer is simple: it can meet the demand and is practical.

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology can bring people closer to realizing their payment desires: fast, inexpensive, and global payments. This brand-new next-generation financial/payment infrastructure can help PayPal better serve its 40 million users, enabling everyone to pay according to their own wishes.

Therefore, more than a decade after the emergence of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, PayPal has once again arrived at a crucial moment in payment history, a moment filled with potential and opportunities, just like the early days of the internet in 2000.

Just as PayPal previously brought payments online, it is now bringing payments onto the chain.

(flywheeldefi.com/article/paypal-steps-on-chain-with-pyusd)

II. Global Payment Predicament Awaits Improvement

The current payment channels and information transmission protocols (such as ACH, SEPA, and SWIFT) constitute the global payment network. They enable us to conduct large-scale transactions across regions and time zones and ensure relatively smooth payments. However, the current payment technology also forces us to make trade-offs between 1) payment settlement speed and 2) cost-effectiveness, for example:

• The circulation of funds generates costs, and there needs to be pre-arranged cooperation and liquidity requirements between various intermediaries;
• The operating time limits (business days) and batch processing of various parties mean that payments may need to wait for several days to settle;
• The arrangement of net settlement is difficult to meet the needs of small-value, high-frequency transactions.

However, as adults, we want both - low-cost and efficient settlement.

People want to pay more easily. Businesses want to pay suppliers without worrying about settlement time; individuals want to remit money to distant family members without paying high fees and waiting for days. Today's financial infrastructure cannot quickly meet people's needs for fast transactions, and PayPal does not want users to lose value in this waiting process.

Today, cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology provide a brand-new payment channel that can simplify payment settlement processes, making payments fast, inexpensive, and easily accessible.

Therefore, we need to use cryptocurrency and blockchain payment technology solutions to address the legacy problems of traditional payments: 1) slow settlement time; 2) high transaction costs; and 3) incompatibility with under-banked and unbanked regions on a global scale.

III. PayPal's Stablecoin Payment Solution

(Payment Giant PayPal's Stablecoin Expected to Lead the Crypto Industry into the Mainstream)

Definition of Stablecoin: Most cryptocurrencies have large price fluctuations and are not suitable for payments, such as Bitcoin, which may experience large fluctuations within a day. Stablecoins are a type of cryptocurrency designed to solve this problem by maintaining a stable value, usually pegged 1:1 to a fiat currency (such as the US dollar). Stablecoins have the dual advantage of maintaining low daily fluctuations while providing the advantages of blockchain - efficiency, economy, and global usability.

The stablecoin PYUSD launched by PayPal is a brand-new stablecoin payment solution aimed at achieving next-generation financial technology innovation. Built on PayPal's deep industry accumulation in payments and the high-performance Solana blockchain, PYUSD can achieve efficient instant settlement, reduce transaction costs, provide high security, and truly enable global payments.

PYUSD is a stable value storage tool (1:1 USD exchange) launched by PayPal on the blockchain, and its appearance will solve the above-mentioned problems in the global payment industry. Eligible US users can buy, sell, send, receive PYUSD, and use it for payment:

• Buy, transfer PYUSD within the PayPal and Venmo ecosystem, achieving a smooth deposit and withdrawal experience;
• Use PYUSD as a payment method for online transactions, such as checkout and payment for millions of PayPal merchants worldwide;
• Cross-border P2P payments with PYUSD on Xoom (a cross-border payment tool);
• Outside the PayPal ecosystem, PYUSD can be used on cryptocurrency exchanges (such as Crypto.com) and wallets (such as Phantom);
• PYUSD can also be used for various innovations, such as serving as a fast, low-cost financing tool for risk investments like Mesh.

PYUSD is building a truly stablecoin commercial scenario, providing mainstream consumers and merchants with a nearly frictionless and trustworthy payment experience.

IV. The Evolutionary Thinking of PayPal Stablecoin Payments Towards Mass Adoption

Based on PayPal's nearly 20 years of global payment compliance experience and the highest compliance standards of PYUSD, the combination of PayPal + PYUSD can upgrade previous stablecoin transactions to become the stablecoin payments we truly need.

At its inception, PayPal's responsibility was not only to promote the implementation of payments but also to introduce and disseminate a new technology - digital payments, which has now become ubiquitous in our lives. This successful experience can provide experiential guidance and novel insights for the launch of PYUSD stablecoin payments. Specifically, PayPal divides the evolutionary thinking towards Mass Adoption into three stages:

• Awareness;
• Utility;
• Ubiquity.

4.1 Awareness through Introduction

As mentioned earlier, payments are ubiquitous and deeply rooted in habits and practices, so the transition needs to be gradual and stable, not happening overnight. Introducing a new payment method is both a behavioral and a technological or financial change.

The first step towards Mass Adoption is awareness - simply introducing the fact of the existence of new technology to people.

At this stage, early adopters are the target audience, namely cryptocurrency holders - a group that accounts for about 15% of the global population and is relatively easy to reach. This is also the reason why PayPal launched PYUSD on Ethereum at the end of 2023, ensuring awareness among early adopters.

Now, launching PYUSD on Solana, the second-largest market cap blockchain, can cover the most active and enthusiastic groups in the crypto ecosystem, letting the world know that "PYUSD is really here."

In addition, the integration of PYUSD with the PayPal and Venmo applications introduces it to over 100 million US users. Subsequently, efforts will continue to expand the influence of PYUSD outside the PayPal ecosystem through partnerships with cryptocurrency exchanges and payment partners.

Based on its previous successful experience, PayPal knows that achieving cognitive awareness is the necessary first step to introducing a new payment mechanism to the masses.

4.2 Utility through Integration

The next step in adopting new payment technology is to achieve utility, turning the initial cognitive awareness into practical payment utility - just as PayPal, in its early days, established itself as a trusted platform for transactions between strangers through eBay.

Today, the payment people need must be fast and inexpensive. While PayPal's launch of PYUSD on the Ethereum mainnet provided it with great visibility, it did not fully meet all the standards required for PYUSD to fulfill its mission as a digital commercial payment tool - efficient, economical, and globally usable.

Therefore, PYUSD turned to Solana to achieve payment utility.

(PayPal Launches USD Stablecoin on Solana: A New Chapter in Blockchain Payments)

Solana is a high-performance blockchain network built for finance, payments, loyalty programs, and is one of the most widely adopted blockchains. In the fourth quarter of 2023, it processed an average of 40.7 million transactions per day and has 2,500 active developers in its ecosystem. Additionally, its blockchain's open-source, programmability, and composability can bring significant space and network effects.

Solana brings PYUSD far faster settlement speeds, lower transaction costs, stronger scalability, and global network support than other blockchains. Combined with Solana's advantages, users can truly achieve payment utility when using PYUSD:

• Real-time settlement: Most PYUSD transactions settle efficiently within seconds;
• Low transaction costs: On the Solana chain, transaction costs are only a few cents, regardless of the transaction amount;
• Finality of transactions: Merchants do not have to worry about customers canceling payments due to insufficient funds or other reasons;
• 24/7 trading: Available 24/7/365;
• Interoperability: PYUSD can be used outside the PayPal ecosystem, achieving interoperability with other gateways, networks, and wallets;
• Programmability and composability: PYUSD is developed on the widely adopted SPL token standard. This means that any product supporting this standard will automatically support PYUSD. Developers can freely experiment and build within and outside the PayPal ecosystem. Consumers, merchants, and institutions can enjoy a wide range of third-party developer experiences, using PYUSD for payment and financial use cases;
• PayPal's large user base: PYUSD is available to existing eligible US PayPal customers.

Therefore, launching PYUSD on Solana will help ensure the long-term adoption of stablecoin payments. In this process, transitioning PYUSD from the awareness stage to the practical payment utility stage.

With PYUSD's launch on both Ethereum and Solana, more developers and ecosystem partners will be involved, and combined with the practicality on the PayPal and Venmo applications, PYUSD will provide users with more feasible and user-friendly use cases.

4.3 Ubiquity through Assimilation

The final stage of adopting any new payment technology is ubiquity, where the technology seamlessly integrates into daily life. At this stage, people can effortlessly use the new payment technology without even noticing - they are just paying as they please.

V. Use Cases of PYUSD Stablecoin Payments on Solana

Turning dreams into reality, allowing people to pay as they please, slogans alone won't cut it. Let's take a look at some real-world scenarios for PYUSD.

5.1 Cross-Border Peer-to-Peer Remittances (P2P)

Today, economic connections between individuals globally are closer than ever. However, cross-border money transfers between individuals represent a huge and growing market full of opportunities. Official remittances to low- and middle-income countries reached a volume of $669 billion in 2023 (World Bank data), but cross-border remittances are not cheap.

With PYUSD, the payer can transfer funds directly to the recipient using a Solana wallet, with settlements almost immediate and costs close to zero.

Even for recipients without a Solana wallet, payers can collaborate with PYUSD payment service providers to save on the cost of cross-border remittance services. Payment service providers connect to fiat cash networks through local partner banks, allowing recipients to easily convert PYUSD into bank deposits or cash, thus enjoying near-instant, low-cost global remittance services.

5.2 Business-to-Business Transfers (B2B)

Due to the complexity of cross-border payments, involving multiple intermediaries and transnational agent banking networks, most B2B payments may take several days to settle. Additionally, depending on the method of cross-border fund transfer, payment fees can be high.

By leveraging the programmable features of PYUSD, businesses can build their own services to seamlessly create near-instant, cost-effective cross-border transfers with relatively low technical requirements. Teams can also create smart contracts to manage the flow of PYUSD between accounts, improving the speed and accuracy of supplier payments (or any other B2B payments governed by contract agreements).

Furthermore, using PYUSD transfers does not necessarily require businesses to own or interact with PYUSD. Payment service providers can build B2B payment products to provide a fiat experience to end-users.

5.3 Global Payments and Receipts (B2C)

PYUSD can significantly reduce the complexity of global payments. PYUSD does not need to go through complex networks (including unique regional bank accounts, different currencies, agent banks, and digital wallet tracks), but can be paid to any compatible wallet address. Additionally, using programmable smart contracts with PYUSD can enable business payers to automate payment processes more effectively, even enabling real-time wage payments.

5.4 Microtransactions

Traditional payment processing systems struggle to support microtransactions due to high transaction costs. Therefore, platforms processing microtransactions often batch payments, involving complex payment engineering, increasing risks, and preventing platforms from accepting microtransactions.

However, PYUSD on Solana will enable merchant platforms to easily handle microtransactions in near real-time and at low cost. Microtransactions support various use cases, such as tips, in-game purchases, and paying small fees to content creators based on reads or views.

5.5 Web3 Payments

Many Web3 merchants (such as NFT markets and blockchain-based gaming platforms) lack connections to traditional fiat bank accounts and require robust, non-volatile payment solutions, which PYUSD + PayPal can provide.

VI. Conclusion

Jose Fernandez da Ponte, Senior Vice President of PayPal's Blockchain, Crypto, and Digital Currencies group, stated, "The creation of PayPal USD is aimed at providing a fast, simple, and inexpensive payment method for the next wave of digital economy development, once again revolutionizing commerce. Offering PYUSD on the Solana blockchain further realizes our goal of creating a stable-value digital currency designed specifically for business and payments."

Since the launch of PYUSD on Ethereum last year, it has been operating more within the PayPal Super App. With its launch on Solana, whether it's aiming to break through or further explore, it's undeniable that the killer app of Web3 may have arrived - and it's payments!

As we discussed in the Web3 Payments Research Report: The biggest opportunity for cryptocurrencies may not be to view them as cryptocurrencies, but to see them as a new payment method.

Payments bear the significant mission of bridging the on-chain cryptocurrency system with the off-chain fiat currency system. Through tokenization transformation with blockchain technology, it will give new value to the traditional monetary system, overcome previously insurmountable boundaries, and potentially change the world economy forever.

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