The world's leading Layer1 blockchain ecosystem BNB Chain has released a new research report aimed at assessing how the BNB Smart Chain can transition its core cryptographic system to post-quantum (quantum-resistant) alternatives in the future. The report explores the specific performance implications of replacing traditional blockchain cryptography with quantum-resistant methods (including using ML-DSA-44 as a transaction signing scheme, as well as using pqSTARK aggregated validator consensus signatures) in terms of implementation pathways and performance impacts.

Although quantum computing has not yet actually broken the cryptography of production-grade blockchains in real systems, this research reflects a forward-looking layout for infrastructure resilience and long-term network security. The report evaluates several core areas of the BSC technology stack, including:

·Post-quantum transaction signing schemes

·Validator signature aggregation

·Transaction verification process

·Public key storage schemes

·Cross-regional network performance under increased data load

One of the key findings is that, technically, achieving post-quantum readiness is currently feasible, but significant trade-offs must be made in terms of scalability. The testing data shows:

·Transaction size increased from approximately 110 bytes to about 2.5 kilobytes

·Block size increased from approximately 110 kilobytes to about 2 megabytes

·The native transfer TPS decreased from 4,973 to 2,997

The report points out that the main performance bottleneck is not the signature verification itself, but the increase in transaction and block size which leads to higher cross-regional network transmission overhead.

Meanwhile, pqSTARK aggregation technology is proven to remain efficient. Validator signatures are compressed at approximately 43:1, which helps to keep the expenses of the consensus layer manageable even when the signature volume increases.

The report also indicates that several areas, including P2P handshake and KZG commitment, have post-quantum alternatives that were not included in this assessment. Transitioning in these areas will require broader ecological coordination and further research.

BNB Chain emphasizes that this work is intended as a research and evaluation exploration, rather than a response to any imminent security threats. The full report can be accessed by clicking here.

About BNB Chain

BNB Chain is one of the largest and most active blockchain ecosystems globally, supported by a community of developers and users worldwide. With high throughput, low transaction costs, and full compatibility with EVM, BNB Chain provides scalable application support for finance, gaming, and the broader Web3 economy.

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