Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin recently launched the Kohaku privacy and compliance solution, which is quite interesting. The key difference from previous solutions like Tornado and Railgun is that it employs zk and elliptic curve cryptography generation technology:

In simple terms, in the past, when Ethereum transferred funds from Alice to Bob's public address, everyone could see that Bob received the money. Now, Bob generates a "one-time temporary address" to receive payments, allowing him to legally use the funds, but no one can know that the money belongs to Bob.

Previous privacy solutions, such as Tornado, Railgun, and Aztec, used coin mixing or ZK solutions, where all the money was routed to a black box. Due to the large transaction capacity of the box, no one could see the true transfer path of the money once it came out.

Kohaku's privacy solution allows Bob to generate a Stealth Meta-Address master key, and when receiving payments, a temporary one-time receiving address is randomly generated (based on elliptic curve cryptography pairing technology). Everyone can see that this temporary address received money, but once the address is used, it becomes invalid. The true owner of the master key, Bob, can control the funds and claim them at a later time.

To abstract the technical understanding: Bob's wallet will always have a pair of master stealth keys (public key + private key). When Alice transfers money to Bob, both Alice's and Bob's wallets will generate a one-time temporary private key, and using Bob's public key and this temporary private key, they perform an elliptic curve algorithm to calculate a shared secret, which is then used to derive a completely new and random one-time address. Alice sends money to this address, and on-chain, no one can see the connection to Bob, but Bob can easily calculate and control the funds using his master private key.

In summary.

It seems that only elliptic curve cryptography technology is needed, with no relation to ZK. However, if you use Kohaku technology to transfer funds to institutions with compliance requirements, you may be asked to attach a ZK proof to verify the source of the funds and the true identity, while also wanting to protect your privacy. Lightweight ZK verification comes into play here.

Thus, the combination of elliptic curve cryptography technology and ZK technology upgrades the anonymous solution to a compliant privacy protection solution. Consider that in the past, the reason mixing pool solutions faced obstacles was due to the absolute "anonymous" nature, which provided opportunities for money laundering and other malicious activities. The combination of privacy addresses and ZK technology is the optimal solution that aligns with regulatory trends.

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