A very meaningful perspective, this seems to be the first positive interpretation of Ethereum Layer 2 in a long time: the true value of Layer 2s is as an "experimental innovation sandbox."
For example, Arbitrum can explore DAO governance, Optimism can implement a RetroPGF funding mechanism, Base can attempt CEX integration, ZKSync can advance account abstraction, and so on. If these innovations were directly implemented on the mainnet, the risks would be too high, but on Layer 2, even if they fail, it won't jeopardize the entire ecosystem.
Interestingly, it seems that different Layer 2s can serve completely different user groups, such as enterprise chains focused on compliance, privacy chains that advocate for censorship resistance, and gaming chains that can achieve high-frequency trading, among others.
Looking back, there are indeed quite a few Layer 2 + Layer 3 solutions built on various Stack foundations. Although none of them have become the expected saviors to attract and revitalize Ethereum, they have indeed made significant contributions to the "diversity" of experimental scalability solutions.
Of course, one could argue that they ultimately aim to issue tokens, but there is an underlying logic: they have at least to some extent continued and inherited Ethereum's decentralized security features.
Otherwise, with the current star product Hyperliquid and some Wall Street giant enterprises pursuing independent exclusive Layer 1 chains, although they can achieve a smooth upgrade in experience, they essentially sacrifice decentralization for extreme performance. Moreover, these independent chains are also likely to issue tokens, and what they are doing may not be fundamentally different from Layer 2, or even worse. However, this step is a complete denial of the Layer 2 experimental field.
Therefore, there is actually a clear path ahead for Layer 2: to abandon the broad and comprehensive approach of General-Purpose chains and explore Specific-Chains tailored to new Mass Adoption needs. For instance, how to introduce well-known gaming IPs, how to meet privacy trading and compliance needs, how to serve the high-frequency interaction demands of AI agents, and how to provide compliant on-ramps for RWA assets, among others.
In other words, as long as Layer 2s abandon the pure technical architecture's internal competition and the obsession with the all-encompassing nature of general chains, and focus on integrating with TradFi's business, the situation for Layer 2 may not be as pessimistic as everyone thinks.
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