[Vitalik: AI-Assisted Formal Verification Could Be the Key Path to Enhancing Ethereum's Security and Efficiency] Deep Tide TechFlow reports that on May 18, Vitalik published an article titled *A Shallow Dive into Formal Verification*, introducing the progress of formal verification applications in Ethereum's cutting-edge development. The article points out that developers can write code using Lean, EVM bytecode, or assembly language and verify its correctness through mathematically provable methods that can be automatically checked, thereby improving both code efficiency and security. He stated that formal verification is particularly suitable for systems with complex but relatively clear security goals, such as STARK, Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, ZK-EVM, and post-quantum signatures. He also mentioned related projects like Arklib, VCV-io, and evm-asm. The article also emphasizes that formal verification is not a panacea and may still be limited by issues such as specification definition errors, uncovered code, hardware boundaries, and side-channel attacks.