• Admiral Samuel Paparo confirmed INDOPACOM runs a live Bitcoin node and is conducting operational network security tests as of April 21, 2026.
• Paparo’s Senate testimony marks a public U.S. military shift toward Bitcoin’s protocol architecture as a tool in great-power competition with China.
• Sen. Tommy Tuberville’s Bitcoin questions at the April 21 hearing signal growing Congressional interest in a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve debate.

Admiral Samuel J. Paparo Jr., Commander of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, made the disclosure during a hearing on the FY2027 defense authorization request. The comments came in response to questions from Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-AL), who asked whether U.S. leadership in Bitcoin could strengthen leverage and deterrence against China.

Paparo described Bitcoin as a computer science tool, not an economic asset. His framing centered on the protocol’s core architecture: cryptography, blockchain, and proof-of-work.

“Our research into Bitcoin is as a computer science tool,” Paparo explained. “It’s the combination of cryptography, a blockchain and proof-of-work and Bitcoin shows incredible potential as a computer science tool that, through the proof-of-work protocols, actually imposes more cost than just the algorithmic securing of networks and our ability to operate.”

That cost-imposition logic is central to how INDOPACOM appears to be evaluating the protocol. Proof-of-work (PoW) requires real computational resources to validate transactions, and Paparo indicated the command sees that property as applicable to raising real-world costs for adversaries in cyber operations.

“It’s a valuable computer science tool as a power projection,” he said. Paparo added:

“Outside of the economic formulation of it, it has got really important computer science applications for cybersecurity.”

Paparo also addressed Bitcoin’s peer-to-peer architecture in the context of U.S. national power. “ Bitcoin is a reality,” he stressed. “It’s a peer-to-peer, zero-trust transfer of value. Anything that supports all instruments of national power for the United States of America is to the good.”

On INDOPACOM’s direct engagement with the network, Paparo stated:

“We have a node on the Bitcoin network. We’re doing a number of operational tests to secure and protect networks using the Bitcoin protocol.”

The Bitcoin Policy Institute and other observers described the comments as a notable public endorsement of Bitcoin’s protocol-level utility for national security purposes. Prior to this hearing, public U.S. military statements on BTC focused primarily on illicit finance concerns.

Paparo did not address Trump’s Strategic Bitcoin Reserve directly. Tuberville raised the concept during his questioning, but the admiral confined his remarks to Bitcoin’s technical applications within INDOPACOM’s existing research programs.

Some details of INDOPACOM’s Bitcoin-related research may remain classified, Paparo indicated. The hearing also covered the broader posture of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and U.S. Forces Korea. Paparo’s Bitcoin comments occupied a portion of the Q&A session and are expected to draw continued attention from defense analysts and the digital asset industry.

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