Crypto lender Ledn has entered the structured finance arena with a $188 million bond sale backed by bitcoin-secured consumer loans, a first for this niche of the asset-backed securities (ABS) market.

The transaction is collateralized by a pool of more than 5,400 loans where borrowers pledged bitcoin as collateral. According to an S&P Global Ratings report, the loans carry a weighted average interest rate of 11.8%.

Risk management hinges on automation. Ledn uses an algorithmic liquidation engine that sells BTC collateral when loan-to-value thresholds are breached. S&P noted that a sharp bitcoin drop in early February forced the company to liquidate a significant portion of loans earmarked for the deal. All liquidations were executed below an 81.4% LTV cap, keeping the overall collateral package intact at $200 million while increasing cash in the funding account.

S&P’s review centered on default behavior, recovery rates during forced sales, and borrower concentration. Because Ledn underwrites primarily against bitcoin collateral rather than borrower creditworthiness, traditional consumer loan metrics offer limited insight.

Under its most severe ‘A’ stress scenario, S&P modeled a 100% default assumption. For the BBB- rated Class A tranche, it applied a 79% default rate and 68% recovery expectation. Structural safeguards include over-collateralization, early amortization triggers, and a liquidity reserve funded at 5% of the note balance.

The deal features two tranches, one of which earned investment-grade status and priced at a 335-basis-point spread over the benchmark rate. Jefferies Financial Group Inc. acted as sole structuring agent and bookrunner. S&P also highlighted that Ledn’s liquidation engine has closed 7,493 loans over seven years without principal losses. Starting in 2027, renewed loans will require cash interest payments, a move designed to ease liquidity pressure.

Still, bitcoin volatility remains the core risk. When prices fall quickly, liquidations occur in stressed market conditions, where execution slippage can erode recoveries. For investors, this deal is both a milestone and a reminder that crypto-backed credit lives and dies by price stability.

• What is Ledn’s $188 million bond transaction?
  Ledn issued $188 million in asset-backed securities secured by over 5,400 Bitcoin-collateralized consumer loans, marking a first-of-its-kind crypto-linked ABS deal.
• How are investors protected in this bitcoin loan ABS?
  Protections include over-collateralization, automated bitcoin liquidations below 81.4% LTV, early amortization triggers, and a 5% liquidity reserve.
• Who rated and structured the Ledn bond deal?
  S&P Global Ratings analyzed and rated the transaction, while Jefferies Financial Group Inc. served as sole structuring agent and bookrunner.
• What risks do bitcoin-backed bonds face?
  The main risk is Bitcoin price volatility, which can trigger margin-driven defaults and force liquidations in declining or thin markets, potentially reducing recovery values.

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