Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade will activate on Dec. 3, 2025, at 21:49:11 UTC, marking the start of epoch 411,392 (slot 13,164,544) and bringing a powerful batch of improvements aimed squarely at scaling, security, and usability.

The headline feature is PeerDAS, the long-awaited data availability sampling system that lets full nodes store only a fraction of L2 blob data rather than every byte. Before Fusaka, every full node had to download all blob data to ensure availability—an increasingly unrealistic burden as rollups expand. Under PeerDAS, each node is responsible for just one-eighth of total blob data, enabling theoretical scaling up to 8x without crushing node hardware or bandwidth.

According to Ethereum’s roadmap report on the matter, this shift is expected to reduce disk usage for standard full nodes by roughly 80% and cut download bandwidth significantly, especially as rollups continuously increase blob throughput. For L2s, that means more room to post data at lower costs—precisely the sort of pressure relief developers have been waiting for.

Blob-parameter-only (BPO) forks also debut with Fusaka, allowing bumping blob limits without waiting for a full network hard fork. Instead of bundling large rule changes into monolithic upgrades, clients can coordinate smaller blob-focused increments between major releases. The feature gives Ethereum flexibility to adjust to rollup demand faster and more safely.

The roadmap further details that Fusaka introduces several updates to keep the base layer sturdy as throughput scales. A new 16.7-million gas cap per transaction prevents oversized transactions from dominating block space or becoming DoS vectors. The MODEXP precompile also gets updated pricing to prevent underpriced cryptographic operations from bogging down block validation. Together, the blueprint notes that these limits set guardrails that make future gas-limit increases less risky.

On the UX side, the project’s overview says Ethereum gains deterministic proposer lookahead, giving clients visibility into upcoming block proposers and enabling preconfirmation flows. Developers also get a new EVM opcode—count leading zeros (CLZ)—that simplifies arithmetic operations and trims gas usage across complex smart-contract logic.

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One of the most user-facing upgrades, according to the project’s roadmap, is introducing native support for secp256r1 (P-256) signatures, enabling passkey-style authentication on Ethereum. Wallets can now tap into hardware-backed signing features like Apple’s Secure Enclave or Android’s Keystore, offering device-native login flows that feel closer to modern apps than traditional seed-phrase-based tools.

Fusaka also tightens network behavior with a 10-MiB RLP block-size ceiling to ensure smooth block propagation, aligns execution and consensus limits, and includes meta-layer updates like the eth_config RPC method so nodes can cleanly verify upcoming fork settings.

While Fusaka won’t materially lower gas fees on Ethereum’s base layer, it significantly expands the scaling headroom for rollups—the ecosystem’s primary driver of throughput. For users living on L2s, the upgrade should gradually translate to smoother fees, more resilient infrastructure, and a cleaner path to sustained global growth.

“Fusaka is a huge milestone for Ethereum and its path to institutional adoption,” Sharplink CEO Joseph Chalom wrote on X. “It advances network scalability and efficiency while staying true to its core values: security, decentralization, and neutrality.”

Chalom added:

“It supports the next wave of tokenized assets, institutional settlement, and real financial infrastructure. Ethereum’s fundamentals are getting even stronger, and institutions are paying attention.”

• What does the Fusaka upgrade do? It introduces PeerDAS, new gas rules, better UX features, and expanded scaling support for rollups.
• Will Fusaka lower Ethereum gas fees? It won’t meaningfully change L1 fees, but it improves L2 efficiency, which may ease costs for rollup users.
• Do users need to take action for the upgrade? No steps are required, as wallets and ETH balances remain fully compatible post-upgrade.
• Why is PeerDAS important? It cuts node data burdens and enables Ethereum rollups to scale up to eight times more efficiently.

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