In the past two years, Ethereum's technical roadmap has consistently revolved around the core issue of "how to scale." Starting with the Dencun upgrade that introduced data blobs and reduced costs for Layer 2, to the upcoming Pectra upgrade in 2025 that will further enhance client stability and optimize account management, Ethereum is steadily advancing network performance at a relatively robust pace. Now, with the arrival of the Fusaka upgrade, these foundational accumulations are gradually manifesting in ecological experience and overall performance.

The focus of the Fusaka upgrade is to enhance data availability mechanisms, with the most attention on "data availability sampling." Previously, nodes needed to fully download and verify data blobs to ensure network security, which significantly increased bandwidth and storage pressure in the context of extensive data space usage by Layer 2. By verifying data availability through sampling, the burden on nodes will be significantly reduced, opening up participation space for lightweight nodes, which will further enhance the network's decentralization and resilience. Meanwhile, improved data processing capabilities also mean that Layer 2 can submit transaction batches at lower costs, making future transaction fees and speeds more competitive.

As foundational optimizations gradually take effect, the overall transaction processing capacity of the Ethereum network has shown significant improvement. Recent market reports indicate that due to the growth of Layer 2 and the optimization of underlying efficiency, the actual throughput capacity of the Ethereum ecosystem has surpassed previous ranges. Although the TPS of the main chain itself remains limited, the scaling approach has shifted from "enhancing L1 performance" to "enhancing the usable performance of the entire ecosystem." In other words, Ethereum is steadily moving towards a modular architecture: the mainnet ensures security and data validity, while Layer 2 undertakes execution and scaling tasks, forming a complementary relationship.

However, performance improvements do not mean that on-chain activity will immediately increase. Research institutions have pointed out that although the upgrade has improved the underlying infrastructure, metrics such as on-chain transaction volume and active addresses have not risen rapidly, indicating a time lag between technological capability enhancement and actual usage demand. This serves as a reminder to developers and industry participants: scaling is a necessary condition, but user scale and ecological prosperity still rely on application layer innovation and the realization of practical scenarios.

For node operators, the impact of this upgrade may be felt more deeply than by ordinary users. As the operating costs of nodes decrease, the threshold for running full nodes or participating in data verification is further lowered, helping to attract more small nodes to join the network, thereby increasing overall decentralization. Meanwhile, for Layer 2 teams, the reduction in data costs may change their fee structures, sorting strategies, and even on-chain service capabilities, potentially profoundly reshaping the competitive landscape among various Layer 2 solutions.

For ordinary users, lower transaction fees and faster confirmation speeds will gradually be reflected across different Layer 2s. Whether participating in DeFi, using blockchain games, or engaging in NFT transactions, the experience will become smoother with the improvement of underlying efficiency. Service providers such as wallets and trading platforms also need to complete client adaptations and parameter updates in advance to ensure stable services and asset security during the upgrade.

In the long term, Ethereum is entering a performance leap period driven by continuous upgrades. Fusaka is not the endpoint but the starting point for the next round of scaling efforts. It lays the foundation for future larger-scale data availability solutions, Layer 2 ecosystem expansion, and even further sharding technical paths. As foundational technologies and upper-layer ecosystems continue to evolve, Ethereum is expected to further consolidate its leading position among global public chains in the coming years.

Ethereum's scaling is not a single action but a continuously evolving technical long-term strategy. As the network optimizations brought by Fusaka gradually translate into user experience, developer costs, and ecological levels, this performance leap is accelerating and will also influence the competitive landscape and innovation direction of the entire industry in the future.

Related: Debate erupts around cryptocurrency network effects, investors question L1 value

Original: “Ethereum (ETH) Enters Performance Leap: Network Optimizations Reshape the Ecosystem”

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