Is the system of the UK and the US not advanced? It is advanced; otherwise, how could the UK and the US dominate for over two centuries? The advancement of the UK and US systems lies in innovation and the willingness to lead the world. For the UK, its management and utilization of colonies were far superior to that of Spain and France. The relationship between the UK and its colonies was interactive, not one-sided extraction, thus exerting greater power. In particular, the vast consumer market of its colonies supported the First Industrial Revolution.

The US essentially transplanted the British system onto a map that is 40 times larger. A larger map means a greater population capacity (along with climate considerations), and a larger population implies a more significant scale effect. Consequently, the transfer of hegemonic power between the UK and the US occurred through World War II. After taking over, the US also played the role of a world leader, spearheading the electrical revolution and the internet revolution. Even the ongoing AI revolution originated from the US.

However, the system of the UK and the US is not easily replicable. The key lies in the balance between the concentration and dispersion of power. If power is too dispersed, the country lacks strength, and the checks and balances become problematic—typical examples include India, the Philippines, and South America.

In this light, the so-called "international financial groups" wielding power behind the scenes and the "deep state" are not detriments for countries like the UK and the US, but rather advantages. It can be said that if a country lacks a true helmsman, it cannot go very far.

However, the challenges the US faces now are not institutional but rather internal conflicts that have torn it apart. Simply put, an overly developed financial sector has squeezed out manufacturing, which is linked to innovation.

Innovation cannot occur solely within the financial system and the computer industry—this part of innovation is crucial, but it cannot create tangible products. Ultimately, the foundational power in this world is military strength, and the core of military strength lies in production.

Thus, this is indeed a "century of great change," or even a 200-year great change. The UK and the US may, for the first time, have to step down from their hegemonic positions—on this point, I believe there is almost no doubt.

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