The interactive network theory of ZKM can theoretically be applied to the entire chain environment, becoming the underlying infrastructure of a new generation of "chain abstraction."
By Haotian
How to understand the Entangled Rollup Network launched by @ProjectZKM? In simple terms: it is an interactive communication unified liquidity network built on the zkVM general execution layer. In the extremely scarce native cross-chain solutions in the BTC layer2 track, we can also view it as a BTC layer2 solution that can achieve native asset cross-chain migration. Next, from a technical perspective, let me share my understanding:
1) ZKM is a general-purpose ZK execution layer that separates the computing layer and the verification layer through ZK technology. The computing layer can efficiently operate in an off-chain environment, and only uploads the proof to the chain to verify the correctness of the results. By providing modular ZK execution layers for various chains, ZKM can unleash the decentralized trust potential of ZK technology, making it a universal execution layer at the Zero layer, serving as an "upstream" technology service provider to support ZK technology for various heterogeneous chains.
The Entangled Rollup Network is a generalized interactive operational layer launched by ZKM. Based on the ZK execution layer + verification layer, it constructs a decentralized relay network responsible for cross-chain information communication and asset settlement between different chains.
ZKM can be seen as a fundamental hardcore technical framework, while the Entangled Rollup Network will concretely apply the execution and verification capabilities of zkVM to some cross-chain settlement and communication application scenarios.
In EVM homogenous chains or heterogeneous chains that support smart contracts, the Entangled Rollup Network only needs a set of relay protocols to manage smart contracts on different chains to achieve unified asset scheduling and management. The key to testing the cross-chain solution of the Entangled Rollup Network lies in the Non-EVM chains that do not support smart contracts, such as the BTC chain.
2) Taking a more long-term perspective, the Entangled Rollup Network is an interactive network that can eventually enable Ethereum to become a universal settlement layer, similar to the IBC relay network of Cosmos, capable of achieving cross-chain asset and communication capabilities in a complex chain environment. Because it can indeed enable "trust" between heterogeneous chains based on the modular design of the zkVM execution layer.
As I mentioned in a previous article, zkVM allows the innovative Ethereum layer2 project @MetisL2 to implement a special ZK Router on OP-Rollup, a hybrid Rollup capability that enables rapid withdrawal. This is an innovative breakthrough that zkVM can achieve in the Ethereum ecosystem, allowing the construction of a ZK cross-chain trust mechanism between the Ethereum mainnet and layer2.
In theory, the general ZK execution layer capability of ZKM can position Ethereum as a unified settlement (cosmic) center, and the Entangled Rollup Network will correspondingly become a relay network connecting multiple chains, building a unified liquidity network center for different chains.
Setting aside the long-term achievements that ZKM and the Entangled Rollup Network can accomplish, from a more focused perspective, we can also simply view the Entangled Rollup Network as a BTC layer2 that can endow the BTC main chain with native asset migration capabilities. It can provide native BTC cross-chain services for hundreds of BTC layer2 projects, becoming a shared interactive layer in the BTC layer2 ecosystem.
3) Taking the BTC layer2 cross-chain scenario as an example, how does the Entangled Rollup Network achieve native BTC cross-chain? How it works? As ZKM Founder @kevinliub mentioned in the following text, an absolutely secure BTC layer2 cross-chain solution should have two key factors:
Assets on the BTC mainnet should be controlled by script through multi-signature.
The Sequencer of the BTC layer2 should be decentralized, and there should be a challenger mechanism involving the mainnet script. Specifically:
Step 1: If a user wants to conduct a cross-chain transaction to the BTC layer2, they need to create a delegation transaction on the BTC mainnet, a Commitment, promising to entrust the assets to the Entangled Rollup Network for "custody." The delegation transaction will be monitored and recorded by Entangled network nodes.
Step 2: zkVM executes off-chain to generate the corresponding state root and record the state transition process of the delegation transaction, and generates the corresponding Wrapped BTC in the Entangled network.
Step 3: The Entangled network will create a proof transaction on the BTC mainnet based on the information in the user's delegation transaction, including the proof generated by zkVM execution and the state root hash, and save it in the OP_Return data of the Bitcoin mainnet.
Step 4: The proof generated by zkVM execution will be distributed and verified by the Proof Network to prove the authenticity and validity of the state transition data.
Step 5: The Entangled Rollup Network has a completely decentralized Sequencer transaction sorting and processing system. Sequencer nodes will pledge BTC as collateral on the mainnet and pledge corresponding governance tokens within the network to participate in network governance.
Step 6: When users withdraw BTC from the BTC layer2 to the mainnet, after a series of state verifications and confirmations, they can obtain the assets stored by Entangled nodes on the BTC mainnet, thereby achieving the secure withdrawal of native assets.
4) In general, the Entangled Rollup Network enables users to achieve secure cross-chain asset transfer through a trusted and secure Peg-in and Peg-out mechanism. The technical concept and the native protocol of RGB rely on publishing state Commitments to the mainnet and subsequently locking assets through state commitments. The difference lies in the fact that RGB needs to be based on a decentralized client P2P network, while the Entangled Rollup Network needs to build a trusted relay network through collateral and use zkVM.
Here comes the question, what if the Sequencer tampered with the state transition data before Peg-out, leading to a chaotic ledger? Therefore, the Sequencer must be decentralized, and there must be a challenger mechanism to constantly challenge the security and effectiveness of the Sequencer's work.
The Entangled Rollup Network defines this challenge mechanism as OCP (Optimism Challenge Process). Any user or node can submit transaction data state fragments from the layer2 network to the mainnet script to challenge the commitments locked by the mainnet at any time. If the layer2 data is inconsistent with the mainnet commitment, the challenge will be successful, and the assets pledged by the node on the mainnet will be confiscated. This way, the decentralized Sequencer will not be subjectively malicious.
As mentioned earlier, the interactive network theory of ZKM can theoretically be applied to the entire chain environment, becoming the underlying infrastructure of a new generation of "chain abstraction." Of course, it can also be applied to the current thriving BTC layer2 field, which lacks native asset cross-chain solutions. The latter is perfect for serving the BTC ecosystem.
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