Italy has opened an “in-depth review” of retail investors’ crypto exposure as digital assets gain traction in mainstream markets and patchwork rules complicate oversight.

The Macroprudential Policy Committee, made up of the Bank of Italy’s governor, insurance and pension regulators, and treasury officials, warned Thursday that risks could rise amid “growing interconnections with the financial system and regulatory fragmentation at the international level.”

The Ministry of Economy and Finance initiated the review to assess safeguards for both direct and indirect crypto investments by retail investors, according to an official statement. 



The review points to mounting concerns in Europe that fragmented global rules are creating oversight blind spots, especially as the U.S. pivots to crypto-friendly policies and digital-asset markets surge past $3 trillion, according to CoinGecko data.

"Diverging crypto regulation does create real risks," Ruchir Gupta, co-founder of Gyld Finance, told Decrypt. "It pushes higher-risk activity into weakly supervised jurisdictions and obscures where financial exposures truly sit. 

Gupta expects "meaningful convergence by 2026" as the U.S. clarifies its regulatory path, providing both a reference point and economic pressure for others to align.

“Italy’s review shows regulators now examining crypto’s financial-stability impact rather than treating it as a peripheral concern,” he added.

Aggressive supervision phase

The Italian committee's announcement follows the Bank of Italy’s warning in April, which flagged crypto's rising global integration as a potential threat to financial stability. 

The report cited sharp price increases following Trump's win and his administration's pro-crypto approach, cautioning that if digital instruments "were to become more closely entwined with the traditional financial system, there could be greater vulnerabilities for markets and intermediaries."

The bank also warned of conflicts of interest and governance gaps, noting how roughly 75% of firms holding significant Bitcoin positions are based in the U.S., with "negligible presence" in the euro area.

Europe is definitely "entering a phase of more aggressive supervision over fintech and crypto," with Italy's in-depth review being a "key escalation" alongside full enforcement of the Markets in Crypto-Assets regulation, Nitesh Mishra, co-founder and CTO at hedging platform ChaiDEX, told Decrypt.

The EU’s supervisory push spans “tighter licensing and capital rules” alongside stricter AML guidance, Mishra said, calling it “an important step” given that the U.S. still lacks clear frameworks and many island jurisdictions offer licenses with “minimal oversight,” creating global protection gaps.

For crypto providers in the region, the compliance costs will rise for robust governance, disclosures, and investor safeguards, but in return, he noted, firms will gain "regulatory certainty, easier EU-wide passporting, and a competitive edge over firms stuck in looser jurisdictions."

“Serious players will likely prioritize Europe as the gold standard, sidelining risky havens while serving retail users more safely,” Mishra added.

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