x402 The Inevitability of Explosive Popularity

CN
3 hours ago

The intelligent agent internet will operate on verifiable truths, and currency is merely the opening act.

Written by: binji

Translated by: AididiaoJP, Foresight News

Civilization can scale because humans can engage in implicit trust, while AI agents cannot.

The only way they can establish an agent society is through a truth ledger, which is the blockchain.

Currency is always the first thing recorded in the ledger because it is the simplest form of truth that needs to be maintained:

  • Who owns what
  • Who paid whom.

This is why the first AI standards, like Google's AP2 and the X402 primitives supported by Coinbase and the Ethereum Foundation, all start with payments.

The first step is that agents need a way to exchange value, but this is just the first step.

Humans rely on memory, reputation, and unspoken social cues to decide whom to trust, but agents do not have these, so every action must be verified, and every claim must be proven.

Standards like ERC-8004 begin to outline how this works: a shared registry where agents can anchor identity, reputation, and verification.

The on-chain footprint is minimal, but sufficient for machines to discover each other and know who they are dealing with.

Once this is established, the roadmap is clear:

  • First is payment, as currency is the clearest record.
  • Second is identity and reputation, so agents can confidently trade with each other.
  • Then comes coordination and contracts, enabling market operations and collective action among agents.

Why blockchain, and not just any distributed system?

Because blockchain is designed for adversarial environments, where:

  • Every record is verifiable
  • Every state transition is transparent
  • The emergence of consensus does not require participants to trust each other in advance.

Databases can replicate data, and permissioned systems can share logs, but these cannot prevent agents from lying, censoring, or rewriting history. Only blockchain provides trusted neutrality, with no single participant holding the key to the ledger, and no one can unilaterally edit it.

For us humans, this distinction may feel subtle, as we carry implicit trust in most interactions. But for agents, it is a matter of survival, because when one machine interacts with another, it has no body language to read, no reputation to intuitively sense, and no reliable court system to rely on. Its entire confidence comes from verifiability, and blockchain is built for this: a public, append-only memory store where identity can be anchored, and trust can be established.

The intelligent agent internet will operate on verifiable truths, and currency is merely the opening act. The ultimate goal is to establish an agent civilization that communicates, trusts, and shares resources through blockchain.

Now that we have the hardware and software, it is time to develop the trust component.

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