On September 17, 2025, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin (V God) unveiled a new "three-step" roadmap for the Ethereum blockchain at a developer conference in Japan, painting an exciting future for the global Web3 community. This roadmap not only covers short-term scalability goals but also focuses on cross-L2 interoperability and response speed in the medium term, while locking in a long-term vision of a secure, simplified, quantum-resistant, and formally verified streamlined version of Ethereum. V God emphasized that Ethereum aims to grow tenfold by next year, increasing throughput and usability while maintaining security and decentralization. This series of transformations heralds disruptive developments in Gas fees, privacy protection, L2 networks, and underlying infrastructure for Ethereum.
- Short-term Goals: Balancing L1 Scalability and Decentralization
Vitalik revealed that Ethereum's short-term goal is scalability, achieved by increasing the Gas limit of Ethereum L1 while maintaining decentralization.
Gas Limit Increase: Raising the Gas limit of Ethereum Layer-1 aims to directly enhance the mainnet's transaction processing capacity and alleviate the issue of high Gas fees.
Technical Path: This will require block-level access lists, zero-knowledge proof EVM, Gas price repricing, and slot optimization to further enhance performance.
Balancing Scalability and Decentralization: Vitalik pointed out that the short-term performance optimization strategy for the Ethereum mainnet strikes a balance between scalability and decentralization. He emphasized that the mainstream thinking of the 2010s is vastly different from that of the 2020s and predicted that the 2030s will bring another paradigm shift.
Faster Block Generation and Determinism: Vitalik proposed the goal of creating faster block generation times and determinism. This will be achieved by shortening block finalization times, optimizing the network, adopting erasure codes, and improving data propagation and fault tolerance. Faster block generation and finality can directly enhance user experience and network security.
- Medium-term Goals: Cross-L2 Interoperability and User Experience Upgrade
Ethereum's medium-term goal is cross-L2 interoperability with faster response times. V God reiterated his belief that Layer 2 solutions are the best choice. They not only enhance Ethereum's scalability but also make it easier to achieve interoperability across ecosystems.
Powerful Scalability of L2 Networks: Vitalik stated that in the coming years, L2 networks will possess strong scalability and user experience. This will lower trust assumptions, allowing more users to utilize Ethereum in environments that require minimal trust.
Privacy Protection: Ethereum technology will also enhance the privacy of users' on-chain operations. This will include account operations such as payments, voting, DeFi transactions, key changes, and social recovery. Vitalik mentioned that Ethereum is actively exploring privacy protection during users' on-chain interactions.
Writing Privacy Key Technology: Zero-knowledge proofs will be used to protect client transaction privacy, anonymous liquidity pools or associated sets, cryptographic voting based on minimized auditability, and mixed network transmission of transactions to further obscure sources.
Reading Privacy Key Technology: A trusted execution environment and random access memory, privacy information retrieval, and partial state nodes will be provided, offering only necessary data. They will also employ padding and virtual request technologies to prevent data access pattern leakage. These technologies need to hide write operations and protect privacy when users read on-chain data. This initiative highlights the cryptocurrency industry's pursuit of building privacy protection in blockchain.
- Long-term Vision: Security, Simplicity, Quantum Resistance, Formal Verification
Ethereum's long-term vision is to build a secure, simple, quantum-resistant, and formally verified streamlined version of Ethereum.
Quantum Resistance: Vitalik stated that in the long run, they hope to enhance the protocol's quantum resistance to address future quantum computing risks.
Formal Verification: Formal verification will ensure the security of the protocol through mathematical means.
Optimization of Cryptographic Primitives: Transitioning to ideal cryptographic primitives, such as optimal solutions for hashing, signing, zero-knowledge proofs, etc., will also be highly beneficial.
- Considerations for Staking Exit Mechanism: Balancing Security and Liquidity
Regarding the current discussion that ETH unstaking requires a wait of about 45 days, Vitalik stated, "Staking means taking on the solemn responsibility of defending the blockchain. The friction of exiting is part of that. If any proportion of soldiers in an army could suddenly leave at any time, that army could not be sustained." He emphasized that this does not mean the current staking exit queue design is optimal, but simply lowering related parameters would make the chain appear less trustworthy to nodes that do not frequently go online. This reflects Ethereum's high regard for network security and decentralized stability in its design mechanisms.
- Encouraging Asian Developers: AI Empowerment and Regional Characteristics
Vitalik encouraged Asian developers and researchers to focus on core technical issues to make Ethereum more efficient, secure, and decentralized. He even pointed out that artificial intelligence can be a powerful tool for learning and entry, especially in the technical field.
He added that the working styles of developer communities in China and Japan differ. The Chinese developer community moves quickly, is large in scale, and is often linked to major projects. In contrast, Japanese programmers can quickly adopt new technologies and often experiment with cutting-edge ideas before they become popular globally. V God’s attention and encouragement for the Asian developer community suggest that Asia will play an important role in Ethereum's future development.
Conclusion:
The new "three-step" roadmap for Ethereum unveiled by V God outlines a clear and grand blueprint for Ethereum's future development. From short-term L1 scalability and Gas fee optimization to medium-term focus on cross-L2 interoperability and privacy protection, and finally to the long-term vision of quantum resistance and formal verification, Ethereum is committed to building a more efficient, secure, decentralized, and user-friendly blockchain ecosystem. This roadmap will not only guide Ethereum's own technological evolution but will also profoundly influence the future development direction of the entire Web3 industry.
Related Reading: Federal Reserve Chairman Powell states that there are differences within the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) regarding additional interest rate cuts in 2025.
Original Article: “V God Unveils New Ethereum Roadmap: Disruptive Changes Ahead for Gas Fees, Privacy, and L2”
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