The historical structure of India has largely "remained" in a state similar to China's "Spring and Autumn Period" for a long time—an order characterized by multiple centers of performance, emphasizing etiquette over law, and face over efficiency.
In ancient times, the Chinese were indeed keen on "performance" during the early Spring and Autumn Period: emphasizing rituals, holding alliances, exchanging precious vessels, and distributing fiefs according to ancestral systems, often resorting to "conquering with ritual systems"—these are very similar to India's symbolic politics/society today.
However, by the end of the expansion of the warring states, as internal competition began, starting with the reforms of the State of Wei, followed by the reforms of the State of Qi, the adoption of cavalry and archery in the State of Zhao, the reforms of Wu Qi in the State of Chu, and the reforms of Shang Yang in the State of Qin, it can be said that failing to reform meant death, and not reforming meant dying even faster.
In this historical elimination competition, anything superficial was discarded, leaving behind cold calculations, systems, and economic development:
- Qin first took Bashu and then the Central Plains (seeking practical benefits over empty fame)
- Forming distant alliances while attacking nearby foes
- Dujiangyan and the Zhengguo Canal
- Military nobility system
Only the Qin, which pushed competition to the extreme and reached the essence, qualified to emerge victorious in the final elimination competition.
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