Author: Stacy Muur

Compiled by: Tim, PANews

In a blockchain field dominated by infrastructure-first approaches, Abstract made a strong debut on January 27, 2025, with a bold adjustment to its core strategy: focusing first on end users rather than developer testnets, aiming to drive applications to achieve true large-scale implementation.

Overview

• Launch Date: January 27, 2025
• Development History: Abstract is the first consumer-designed Layer 2 scaling solution in the Ethereum ecosystem, developed by the Igloo team, known for creating the popular NFT series "Pudgy Penguins."
• Core Value Proposition: Designed for mass adoption, Abstract eliminates key barriers such as wallets, mnemonic phrases, and gas fees.
• Application Areas: Gaming, social networking, NFTs, and prediction markets.
• Technical Architecture: Built on the zkSync ZK Stack.

As of April 22, 2025:

• 1.31 million+ unique wallets
• Total transaction volume exceeds 51.3 million
• Contract creation volume reaches 2.26 million
• Total Value Secured (TVS): $46.66 million
• DeFi TVL: $16.86 million
• Daily Average Transaction Volume: 500,000 to 700,000
• Daily Active Wallets: 50,000 to 100,000

User Experience Revolution: True Consumer Chain Practice

Unlike most L2s that first launch developer tools and wait for ecosystem development, Abstract reconstructs the entire user lifecycle experience:

1. Registration Phase: Built-in smart contract wallet (AGW), no reliance on external tools like MetaMask.
2. Discovery Mechanism: Aggregates applications through an embedded consumption portal, integrating live viewing and XP task systems to achieve closed-loop interactions within the platform.
3. Retention System: A combination of streaming content, dynamic tasks, and incentive mechanisms.

"Pudgy Effect": IP-Driven Large-Scale Distribution

The onboarding process for Abstract is not designed around incentives or airdrops but is built around native IP distribution and real-world consumer traffic channels.

The consumer IP and product distribution system of Pudgy is the core strategy that allows Abstract to achieve user-driven growth before launching any tokens:

• Sorter Release: The initial node precisely aligns with the Pudgy Penguins marketing cycle, achieving over 700,000 transactions on the first day.
• On-Chain Reward System: Ties Pudgy-related offline experience rights, allowing NFT holders to enjoy bonus rewards.
• Native Application Matrix: Core DApps like Pudgy World and Pudgy Party launch simultaneously.
• Innovative Physical-Digital Linkage: Physical toys come with QR codes that lead directly to the on-chain world, converting consumer goods into on-chain users.
• Channel Leverage Effect: Derives from Pudgy IP's existing sales of over 1 million toys, $10 million in revenue, and a pool of 1.7 million Instagram followers.
• Customer Acquisition Cost Optimization: Achieves low-cost cold starts relying on IP assets, quickly forming network effects.

Application Usage: Where Are Users Spending Their Time?

Unlike most emerging blockchains—where on-chain usage behaviors often concentrate on cross-chain bridging, token exchanges, or experimental decentralized applications—Abstract blockchain demonstrates a broad and multi-layered application ecosystem vitality, covering multiple dimensions such as digital wallets, application frameworks, gaming entertainment, trading services, and social networks.

Top 7 Applications

The wallet and core interface alone drove over 27 million transactions and 700,000 users based solely on infrastructure. Beyond the infrastructure, applications like gacha games, Myriad, and Reservoir continue to show user revisit behaviors.

On-Chain Activity: Insights Behind the Data

• Active Wallets: Peaked at over 150,000 daily in February, then gradually stabilized, maintaining between 50,000 to 100,000.
• Participation Drivers: The surge in activity is closely related to application releases, community events, and on-chain incentive measures.
• Retention Signals: A brief decline in March followed by a rebound—indicating that users exhibit genuine stickiness rather than purely opportunistic behavior.

Total Value Locked (TVL) Trend Analysis

Currently, the Abstract protocol has locked up $46.66 million. After a rapid growth phase at launch, the TVS has consistently remained above $45 million, with a significant growth peak in early February. Although there was a slight decline in early April (about 3%), the capital scale quickly rebounded, indicating the protocol's stable capital retention capability and low short-term volatility risk.

Transaction Trend Analysis

• Initial Growth Phase: Transaction volume gradually climbed after launch → Peaked in February with over a million daily average transactions.
• Operational Stability Phase: From March to April, daily average transaction volume maintained between 500,000 to 700,000.
• Cumulative Processing Volume: The platform's total transaction volume has surpassed 40 million and continues to grow.

Infrastructure Technology Stack

Abstract is a vertically integrated blockchain designed for consumer-grade user experience. Its infrastructure architecture combines zero-knowledge proof (ZK) scalability technology with embedded user-end tools.

Product Stack Overview:

Four-layer architecture:

1. Abstract ZK-rollup
2. Abstract Global Wallet
3. Panoramic Governance (PG)
4. Consumer Portal

Analyzing each layer based on architectural design and performance.

AGW: No MetaMask, no mnemonic phrases, no pop-ups.

AGW will be issued as a default feature to all Abstract platform users. This product replaces traditional browser plugins, external accounts (EOAs), and complex login interaction processes through a blockchain-native smart contract wallet layer.

Application Scale:

Cumulatively processed over 15.6 million transactions.

Total registered users reached 315,000, with nearly 254,000 active users in the last 30 days.

Core Functional Features:

• Quick registration via email/social account/passkey (using Privy).
• Gas-free transactions (via paymasters).
• Session key authorization allows silent background operations.
• Supports batch transaction packaging submissions, eliminating multi-step interaction processes.
• Socialized account recovery mechanism based on guardian modules, completely avoiding traditional mnemonic phrase loss risks.

Consumer Portal

The consumer portal is the default user interface for all Abstract wallets. It integrates application discovery, asset exchange, streaming services, XP task systems, and wallet management functions. It is the main entry point for users to use and retain applications.

The Abstract App alone has cumulatively processed over 11.7 million transactions from 588,000 users, with a transaction volume of 6.4 million in the last 30 days and active user count reaching 447,000.

Portal Functions:

• Discover applications through a curated application marketplace.
• Live center directly embedded within applications.
• Experience points and task systems enhance application activity.
• Native support for token swaps and NFT minting.
• One-stop integration for AGW wallet management, identity verification, and activity records.

Panoramic Governance (PG)

PG is a value redistribution mechanism based on actual usage, directing sorter fees + token release amounts to:

• Active users
• High-traffic applications
• Voters participating in governance through staking and usage.

Unlike most chains that adopt "passive governance" (where weight is determined solely by token holdings), PG requires participants to actively contribute to network activity to unlock rewards.

Developers can offer "voting bribes" to compete for token release amounts based on voting weight (similar to the Aerodrome model), but the system's scale is driven by activity rather than merely relying on token holdings.

Incentive Positive Cycle:

• Users: Benefit from usage.
• Applications: Benefit from increased participation.
• Governors: Benefit from promoting ecosystem activity.

This is a complete innovation of the traditional "lock + idle" token model.

Using Live Streaming as a Growth Engine

Most blockchain projects view live streaming and creator content as an external marketing layer. Abstract, however, directly embeds it into the on-chain protocol through the consumer portal, making live streaming a native component of user registration, ecosystem discovery, and user growth.

Unique Aspects of the Abstract Platform:

• The platform natively integrates live streaming features similar to Twitch, rather than relying on external access.
• Streamer earnings use an on-chain payment mechanism, with revenue sharing primarily based on the following metrics:
• Viewership
• Promotion effectiveness for applications within the Abstract ecosystem
• Subsequent user behavior (tracked through the AGW system)

The platform actively recommends popular video clips and live content, thereby building a complete traffic closed loop among creators, application developers, and users.

Flywheel Effect in Action

Streamers showcase new applications on the Abstract platform;

Viewers log in through AGW (Abstract Gateway) to immediately experience these applications;

Application usage rises, attracting more creators to join and driving funding for developer-streamer collaboration projects;

Abstract promotes high-quality content snippets, injecting more potential user attention traffic into the platform.

This closed loop internalizes the entire chain of content → usage → growth within the platform, rather than dispersing it across multiple platforms.

Conclusion: Abstract's Current Positioning

Abstract has demonstrated what user-centered blockchain infrastructure looks like in practical applications:

• Wallet functionality is built-in: not an external plugin, but deeply integrated.
• Discovery and interaction are native: functionalities are inherent to the platform, rather than fragmented.
• Content is embedded in the ecosystem: content grows autonomously on the platform without relying on external channels like Twitter.
• Behavior-driven incentives: rewards user behavior contributions rather than merely token holdings.

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