L2 processes more transactions per day than the Ethereum mainnet, but its transaction fee revenue may not increase proportionally? As the chart shows, Base handles approximately 9.13 million transactions daily, while the Ethereum mainnet only handles 1.89 million, a difference of nearly five times. Previously, every on-chain operation a user performed could directly consume mainnet block space. Now, a large number of transactions are executed on L2, which then submits the data or state commitments to Ethereum. This allows the entire ecosystem to handle more transactions, but it also changes how the mainnet generates revenue. In the past, more transactions often meant more users directly paying mainnet gas. Now, L2 can process large numbers of transactions in a package, spreading the cost of submitting data to the mainnet. Even with a high L2 transaction volume, it doesn't necessarily translate into a proportional increase in mainnet transaction fee revenue. This raises an economic issue in Ethereum's scaling strategy: The cheaper and more powerful L2 becomes, how much revenue can the mainnet generate from each end-user transaction? Scaling up solves the transaction capacity problem, but how much ETH value the increase in transaction activity can be converted into still depends on the mainnet settlement demand, data fees, and ETH's value capture mechanism.