Beyond Turing Machines: Why the evolution of next-gen physical computation is about 'creating abstract instances'? 1/7 We often think that 'classes' and 'instances' in object-oriented programming (OOP) represent abstraction. But from an ontological perspective, computers are essentially concrete instances of mathematical formal systems—they themselves are not equivalent to abstract entities. 2/7 In traditional programming languages, a class is merely a logical encapsulation at the design level, and the process of generating an instance from it is a fully concrete operation, unrelated to deeper physical and computational abstraction. Since their inception, computers have been nothing more than 'simulation machines' grounded in the foundation of Turing machines. 3/7 So, what is a true 'abstract instance'? It requires us to move beyond individual reductionism and enter an entirely new theoretical framework of thought. 4/7 Take the 'Heaviest Chain' in the Bitcoin network as an example: • You can perfectly explain its existence using mathematical game theory; • But you cannot uniquely determine its physical existence; • It cannot be simulated or reproduced on a single machine using traditional reductionist logic. 5/7 The Heaviest Chain is not a variable inside a single computer; it is an 'abstract entity' dynamically emerging from the competition and consensus of countless nodes across the entire network. 6/7 If we remain stuck in the 'individual reductionism' of Turing machines, computational theory will struggle to achieve true breakthroughs. The core direction for breakthroughs in current physical computation theory is precisely to move beyond the computable thinking of Turing machines. 7/7 From mathematically explaining abstraction to physically and AI-driven creation of abstract instances—embracing collective organization and emergent self-organization is the path forward for the development of next-gen physical computation theory. Summary: Don’t just be a simulator of Turing machines—explore the creation of abstract instances under collective emergence. #ComputationalTheory #Bitcoin #TuringMachine #PhysicalComputation #AI #TechPhilosophy