CBO WARNS U.S. NEEDS 5–6% REAL GDP GROWTH TO STABILIZE DEBT CBO Director Phillip Swagel says the U.S. would need 5–6% real GDP growth and 7–8% nominal growth to stabilize its debt-to-GDP ratio, assuming Treasury borrowing costs near 4–5%. With federal debt around 100% of GDP and a structural deficit of 6%, Swagel warns the current fiscal trajectory is unsustainable. He also cautions that rising interest rates could create a dangerous feedback loop, increasing deficits, debt and borrowing costs. Swagel sees stronger AI-driven productivity as a potential growth boost, but says growth alone won't solve the deficit problem.(彭博社)