Vitalik Buterin: Proposes the ultimate minimalist chain proposal and uses ZK proof to compress Ethereum state storage

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has proposed The Extremely Lean Chain, which aims to reduce the state storage requirements of the Ethereum consensus chain through ZK proof and state compression mechanisms. This scheme removes the validator's public key from the on chain state, stores only the deposit tree index, and eliminates real-time reward and penalty processing. It requires validators to generate STARK proof of participation and update their balance daily. The identity of the verifier is re randomized daily, and anonymity is achieved through ZK-STARK. The withdrawal address is only exposed during withdrawal, and this mechanism supports millions of validators.