The Ethereum Foundation has released a draft L1 expansion roadmap called Strawmap, which should be the long-awaited path for the market to expand directly on the mainnet without relying on L2. Strawmap has 5 stage objectives: (1) Fast L1: Second level confirmation (2) Gigagas L1: Approximately 10K TPS (3) Teragas L2: Approximately 10M TPS (4) Post quantum L1: Anti quantum cryptography (5) Private L1: Native Privacy The following summary: First of all, let me explain. Currently, each slot in Ethereum is 12 seconds long. The keyword for the first stage of fast L1 is short slots, which means shortening this time to a few seconds to complete. A slot can be understood as a unit of time for the entire consensus layer. If Ethereum is a clock, then a slot is a scale for dividing time. Currently, each scale is fixed at 12 seconds, and every 12 seconds, a "proposer" is selected from validators across the network to package a block. 32 slots form one epoch. So this is the fundamental unit that determines the speed of Ethereum. The second and third stages are aimed at significantly improving the TPS of L1 and L2, relying on zkEVM, real-time proof, and data availability sampling. These are technologies that Ethereum has been promoting for a long time, but I will not elaborate further. The fourth objective is to resist quantum threats, which is worth mentioning. Firstly, we need to understand that the original Ethereum signature is ECDSA, which uses a private key to perform a complex mathematical operation (elliptic curve mathematical operation) during the signature process. In order to crack, attackers must deduce the private key from the public key in reverse, which is currently beyond the capabilities of classical computers. But the emergence of quantum computers may break this situation, because the core is a problem-solving process. The current solution for Ethereum is to use Hash based signatures, which is no longer a mathematical problem, but rather a problem similar to restoring photos with fragments. It has strong unidirectionality, and no computer can quickly perform this "pre image attack". The fifth goal is native privacy, the privacy that V God earnestly desires. At this stage, privacy is changed from optional to a built-in feature of Ethereum L1, which supports shielded ETH transfer. The principle is to add a shielded pool on the main network, similar to a safe deposit box function. You deposit ordinary ETH into the pool, which becomes shielded ETH. On the chain, only X amount of ETH is recorded as deposited by someone, without knowing who deposited it. When you want to transfer, you can use zero knowledge proof to tell the chain that I have enough shielded ETH and which address I want to transfer it to. The ultimate balance between freedom and privacy.