The core job of market makers is to continuously provide buy and sell orders (quotes), ensuring the market always has liquidity. If users want to buy, they can buy immediately; if they want to sell, they can sell immediately. Market makers for altcoins are hired by project teams at a high cost. So, who pays for this? The project teams don’t have cash, only tokens—so it’s obviously the retail investors who foot the bill. Market makers bear no risk. The tokens are provided by the project teams, and the money comes from dumping and order book profits. When prices crash, it’s the project teams that get blamed, and the funds that get trapped belong to the exchanges. Now that the market has worsened, market makers and project teams have teamed up to squeeze retail investors dry. Once that’s done, they can only turn on each other. By comparison, Bitcoin’s market makers are different. Satoshi Nakamoto didn’t spend money hiring them to act as market makers.