Disassemble the three real motivations behind Vitalik's promotion of EIL one ⃣ Political motivation: Give the Ethereum ecosystem a 'story to tell' Let's first understand the 2025 reality of Ethereum interoperability: --Based Rollup (Vitalik's most promising plan for 2023) has completely cooled down, and the OP series is refusing to give up the power of the sorter; --AltVM shared sorters (Polygon AgLayer, Near Chain Sig, etc.) are also stuck in political games; --Although atomic cross chain (IBC, LayerZero V2, CCIP) is technically feasible, each additional chain requires an additional round of governance voting, and it will never reach "full interoperability". At this point, the Ethereum Foundation urgently needs a narrative: we are not waiting for the L2 to compromise with each other, we already have a "pure contract layer, no need for anyone to vote" solution on the way. EIL is this political painkiller. two ⃣ Strategic Motivation: Forcing ERC-4337 from a "chicken rib" to an "infrastructure monopoly" Vitalik is well aware that the biggest problem with ERC-4337 currently is that "no one has the motivation to improve it" because using native transfer on the single chain is enough. The true purpose of EIL is to create a 'killer demand': if you do not support deep ERC-4337 (multi signature, multi Paymaster strategy, cross chain voucher, etc.), your L2 will be abandoned by users and capital in the next 18 months. This is essentially a poison pill strategy of "starting with the end": first draw a sufficiently enticing future (seamless like a single chain), and then transform all resistance into "if you don't support 4337, you are the culprits blocking the unified experience of Ethereum". StarkNet played itself dead back then because it was too advanced and lacked ecological synergy. Now Vitalik wants to use the moral high ground of the entire Ethereum Foundation+L2 Alliance to drag all L2 into the same boat. three ⃣ Personal belief motivation: He truly believes that 'Intent centric' is the ultimate outcome You flip through all of Vitalik's speeches from 2024 to 2025, and he repeatedly says one sentence: “Cross-chain should not be a special action, it should be an implementation detail.” He believes that the true endgame is not the bridge, IBC, or shared sorter, but rather pushing all complexity onto the market-oriented solver/XLP, where users only express their intention (I want token Y no matter which chain). StarkNet Agent failed, but he didn't think it was the intention layer itself that was wrong, but rather "too early+lack of ecological synergy+lack of economic incentive alignment". EIL is his revised version 2.0: using bidding XLP to solve economic incentives, using multi chain batch authorization to solve UX, and using foundation endorsement to solve collaborative problems. four ⃣ summary Vitalik's push for EIL is not because he thinks it will be operational by 2026, but because it is currently the only solution that can put the gun on all L2 without triggering a L2 civil war, forcing them to work together to revitalize the ERC-4337 ecosystem. He is betting that once the gun rings (EIL proposal widely discussed, wallet approval initiated, L2 announcing support for roadmap), the market will run the economic models of XLP, Bundler, and Paymaster on its own - just like when EIP-1559 was first proposed in 2021, everyone cursed that the fee market would die, but one year later it became infrastructure. If you are Vitalik, in the current political deadlock, what more realistic solution do you have than EIL that can simultaneously meet: --Non hard fork L1 --Do not require any L2 to relinquish the sovereignty of the sorter --Can we transform the cross L2 experience from 30 seconds+5 signatures to 5 seconds+1 signature within 24 months? EIL, as an upgraded version of ERC4337, may not be the best Ethereum ecosystem interoperability technology solution, but it may be the only politically feasible solution at present. The ultimate goal of blockchain has always been for politically correct technological solutions to win, rather than for technically correct solutions to win.