The Ethereum Fusaka upgrade plan will be activated on the mainnet one month later (December 3rd), which is another important upgrade that will push Ethereum towards mass adoption. Fusaka upgrade has a total of 12 EIPs, which is the highest in history. In terms of influence, it may be second only to the hemerge upgrade (PoW to PoS) that year. This Fusaka upgrade aims to significantly reduce transaction fees on L2 platforms (such as base, arbitration, zksync, etc.) in terms of user experience. After the upgrade, users have the opportunity to experience transaction fees of less than 1 cent and unlock more dAPP trading scenarios. Secondly, in terms of the user experience of the wallet, it will gradually make it easier for ordinary users to use, such as not needing to remember seed phrases and making transaction signatures more convenient. Seed phrases alone are a major barrier for ordinary users to manage the wallet. Once this barrier is removed, the possibility of large-scale ordinary users owning the wallet will greatly increase, especially considering the scenario where high inflation countries adopt stablecoin storage and payment (simple and easy to use on mobile phones with low fees). At the same time, it also prepares for a larger potential user base for the Ethereum ecosystem dAPP. In addition, most of the other EIPs upgraded by Ethereum Fusaka focus on underlying optimizations such as network security, efficiency, and scalability, which are also important building blocks for sustainability. As mentioned above, EIP-7594 and EIP-7951 provide the most direct user experience. EIP-7594 is about Peer Data Availability Sampling, which can significantly reduce L2 transaction costs. When users use BASE, ARBITRUM, ZKSYNC, etc., they will feel that the cost is lower and the speed is faster. Through PeerDAS, theoretically, Blob data throughput can be expanded by 8 times. Specifically, the PeerDAS network protocol supports nodes to verify the availability of Blob data by sampling subsets of data without downloading the entire dataset. It supports gossip distribution, node discovery, and peer-to-peer requests, thereby solving the bottleneck of L2 dependence on Ethereum L1 DA, improving scalability and decentralization, and reducing bandwidth and storage requirements. For the Ethereum ecosystem, further cost reduction in L2 is conducive to stimulating its growth. What needs to be balanced now is that the development speed of L2 will become faster and faster, and how Ethereum L1 can obtain reasonable value capture in the development process of L2, and how L2 can back feed L1 instead of an unsustainable parasitic relationship. EIP-7951 has had a profound impact on the large-scale adoption of Ethereum, as the upgrade has made wallet usage more convenient for ordinary users. It supports unlocking device native signatures (such as Apple Secure Enclave, Android Keystore, Passkeys), simplifying wallet login and recovery processes; No need to memorize seed phrases; Signing transactions is also more convenient. EIP-7951 introduces a precompiled contract P256VERIY at address 0x100, supporting ECDSA signature verification for secp256r1 (P-256) curves and compatible with hardware such as Apple Secure Enclave, Android Keystore, and FIDO2. Other EIPs mainly focus on optimizing the underlying aspects of network security, efficiency, scalability, etc., which is beneficial for long-term development. For example, EIP-7823 (setting the upper limit of MODEXP) enhances DoS protection and client stability by limiting input size; EIP-7825 (single transaction gas limit 16777216), limits the size of a single transaction to prevent DoS attacks, supports higher block gas limits, better load balancing, and is conducive to network scalability and stability; EIP-7883， The gas cost for transactions using ModExp (such as large number operations) may increase by 150% -500%, which will affect specific dApp users. However, it is beneficial for achieving fair allocation of network resources. Adjusting pricing to reflect real computing costs and prevent single transactions from occupying block time; EIP-7917 (Identifying Prospective Proponents), Beacon Chain anticipates the next epoch proposer, prevents manipulation attacks, accelerates transaction inclusion through pre confirmation mechanism, reduces waiting time, and supports single slot finality and pre confirmation; EIP-7934 (RLP execution block size limit), with an upper limit of 10 MiB (consensus margin of 2 MiB), reduces propagation delay and DoS risk, aligns with the gossip protocol, and is beneficial for network stability and scalability.; EIP-7939 (CLZ opcode), adding low-cost EVM opcodes to facilitate the evolution of EVM towards more efficient virtual machines; EIP-7918 (Blob basic fees are limited by execution costs) achieves more predictable costs, avoids cost collapse to 1 wei, improves user experience, introduces a reserve price mechanism, ensures Blob fee response to congestion, enhances security and cost ratio, and promotes a fair market for L2 data publishing; EIP-7892 (only Blob parameter hard fork) supports progressive Blob expansion, reducing upgrade costs and improving scalability; EIP-7642 (eth/69 historical expiration and simpler receipts) supports merging historical data expiration, reducing node disk space, simplifying receipts (removing Bloom filters), reducing synchronization bandwidth (saving 530GB), and improving scalability; EIP-7935 (with default gas limit set to 60 million) supports expansion, combined with transaction limits, to enhance security and drive network throughput growth.