Two stacks are forming for how AI agents will pay for things.

x402 is quietly positioning itself beneath both.

Coinbase built x402 around a simple loop. An agent requests a resource, the server names a price, and payment settles in USDC before access is granted.

Since V2, the protocol has expanded to multiple chains and added reusable sessions that cut gas and latency for repeat access.

Over 50 million transactions have settled through the protocol so far and the stack keeps growing.

In February, Coinbase launched Agentic Wallets with native x402 support, giving agents their own onchain payment identity to hold funds, pay for services, and trade tokens without needing human approval at every step.

Card rails cost 2-3% in fees and can take time to settle. Stablecoins clear in seconds for fractions of a cent. This starts to matter a lot when a trading agent is paying a data agent for a price feed fifty times per minute.

x402 is building the settlement layer everything else plugs into.

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