Written by: Martin

On November 12 local time, the U.S. House of Representatives has secured enough votes to pass a federal government temporary funding bill, taking a decisive step towards ending the government "shutdown" that has lasted for 43 days. The bill has now been submitted for the President of the United States to sign, and the White House has stated that the President will sign it into effect today at 10:45.

Previously, the Senate passed this bill on the night of the 10th with a vote of 60 in favor and 40 against. This government shutdown crisis began on September 30, 2025, due to disagreements between the Democratic and Republican parties over healthcare-related welfare spending, leading Congress to fail to pass a new temporary funding bill. This shutdown has lasted for 41 days, making it the longest government shutdown in U.S. history.

The House of Representatives has been in recess since mid-September, and House Speaker Mike Johnson urgently called on members to return to Washington to vote. Due to flight delays and cancellations caused by the shutdown, some members even had to carpool or ride motorcycles over long distances to reach Washington, resulting in about 900,000 federal employees being forced to take leave, another 2 million employees working without pay, and 1.4 million military personnel serving without pay. The "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program," which covers about 42 million low-income individuals, faced funding interruptions, causing difficulties for those reliant on food assistance, and the aviation sector was severely impacted, with numerous flights canceled or delayed.

According to the compromise reached by both parties, the bill will provide funding for most federal agencies at current levels until January 30, 2026, while also providing full fiscal year funding for the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Veterans Affairs, military construction projects, and congressional operations.

The bill also requires the reversal of the government's decision to lay off federal employees on a large scale since the shutdown began on October 1, and it protects federal employees from further layoffs until January of next year. As part of the compromise, Senate Republican leader Thune promised Democrats that a vote on extending enhanced subsidies under the Affordable Care Act would take place no later than the second week of December.

As a matter of routine, the U.S. Congress must pass 12 appropriations budgets each year, and the temporary bill passed this time only includes 3 annual appropriations budgets, meaning that 9 annual budgets are still pending. With the President's signature on the bill, the federal government will restore critical services, including food assistance, approximately 900,000 furloughed federal employees will return to work, and employees owed back pay will receive their wages.

Over 400 sites managed by the National Park Service will reopen, and the air traffic control system will gradually return to normal operation, with stalled government services restarting. However, this fiscal power struggle amid U.S. political polarization is expected to play out again in the next two months.

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