Wang Yangming's philosophy of the mind actually transfers some concepts from Buddhism to Confucianism, such as his four teachings:

No good, no evil, the essence of the mind,
There is good, there is evil, the movement of intention,
Knowing good and knowing evil is the innate knowledge,
Doing good and avoiding evil is the investigation of things.

Here lies a logical contradiction:

"The essence of the mind" is "no good, no evil," which is similar to Buddhism's "no-self/emptiness."

However, later it states, "Knowing good and knowing evil is the innate knowledge."

The question arises: which is the more fundamental code, "innate knowledge" or "the essence of the mind"? If the essence of the mind is the fundamental code, what is innate knowledge? How can one "know good and know evil" without external input? This is also nonsensical. Human genes inherently have an altruistic component, but they also have a self-interested component. Loving parents and children is instinctual, but the instinct to seize something when encountered is also instinctual; both are merely survival strategies of genes.

This has also led some followers of Yangming to act recklessly, yet they claim, "This is allowed by my innate knowledge," which is akin to Christians saying, "As long as you repent, it doesn't matter if you kill or commit arson."

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