The upcoming Fusaka upgrade for Ethereum, scheduled for Wednesday, is positioned as another step towards scalability, but it marks a shift in how the network delivers changes. Fusaka is not a large-scale, multi-year overhaul, but rather the first evidence that Ethereum can deliver targeted, high-impact upgrades in nearly six months.

At the core of Fusaka is Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) - 7594, known as Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS). This technological highlight changes the way Ethereum handles data from rollups without forcing node operators to purchase data center hardware or compromise on decentralization, aligning with the roadmap set by the Ethereum Foundation for the next 12 months.

"Ethereum is now trying to be more strategic in terms of content delivery and delivery speed," Chris Berry, head of on-chain engineering at Bitwise Onchain Solutions, one of the longest-running institutional Ethereum (ETH) staking providers, told Cointelegraph.

Building on the introduction of blobs and Pectra to improve user experience in Dencun, Fusaka enhances this foundation. PeerDAS changes how nodes process rollup data. Validators no longer need to download the entire blob; they only need to verify smaller segments sampled from the network. This reduces redundancy and bandwidth, freeing up space for more data.

"A lot of redundant data is transmitted across the network," said Steve Berryman, head of client partnerships at Bitwise Onchain Solutions, adding, "PeerDAS reduces data duplication."

At its core, the upgrade also formally establishes a new process for adjusting blob capacity. Blobs are the data packets used by Ethereum rollups to publish large amounts of off-chain transaction data to the main chain in a cost-effective and efficient manner, achieving high throughput for layer two scaling without bloating the entire blockchain.

Before Fusaka, changing blob limits required a complete hard fork. Now, Ethereum has a "blob parameter-only" timeline, allowing pre-planned increases in blob targets to be rolled out without having to repeat the entire forking process each time.

Fusaka is not just about throwing more bandwidth at the problem. It also adjusts the fee balance between layer one and layer two. Ethereum's rollup-centric roadmap relies on a healthy symbiotic relationship: layer two needs cheap, reliable data space on layer one, but layer one also needs fair compensation for providing that data space.

"There is a symbiotic relationship between layer one and layer two," Berry said. "You want layer two to pay a fair price so they don't exploit layer one, but similarly, you want layer one to price fairly so it doesn't exploit layer two. Part of this upgrade is about recalibrating the balance between fees and ensuring that data pricing for layer two is fairer when utilization is low."

For users, the early signs are simple: cheaper gas fees and less congestion. "We have seen the pending transaction pool shrink," Berryman said, referring to the changes activated before the fork. "I've been working since 2015, and I don't remember seeing gas prices on Ethereum as cheap as they are now."

Any upgrade involving data availability raises questions about node requirements and home stakers. Fusaka is designed to remain within the range that consumer-grade hardware can handle, validated through extensive testnet runs to ensure that increased blob capacity does not quietly exclude small operators.

"It's all about scaling without compromising our core values," Berryman said. "Home stakers are an important part of the network. We don't want to exceed what home stakers can run at home, and Fusaka respects that."

Berry believes that the true measure of success will not be a flashy headline number, but rather quiet reliability and steadily rising utilization. "First, the upgrade launches safely and doesn't break anything. Then, in the following months, we actually see the network using the new capacity, more blobs hitting targets, and more gas used per block. Increasing capacity is one thing; the ecosystem growing to that capacity is another."

Related: Why Vitalik believes quantum computing could break Ethereum's (ETH) cryptography sooner than expected

Original article: “Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade: Scaling Rollups Without Breaking the Core”

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