The Roller Coaster Experience of Transaction Fees

In the on-chain world, many users have experienced moments like this: yesterday, a transfer cost just a few cents, but today the same operation requires several dollars. Transaction fees are like an emotional roller coaster, often leaving people bewildered. Over the past few years, stablecoins have grown to become one of the most关注的 asset classes in such an environment—they serve fundamental functions like settlement, payment, and storage, are the lifeblood of DeFi, and are an important entry point for external funds into the crypto world. Their market capitalization and user penetration have given them an irreplaceable position. However, behind the excitement lies fragility: many projects rely on subsidies and narratives to attract attention in their early stages, and once the market cools down, subsidies become unsustainable, inevitably exposing the weaknesses of their models. The most obvious issue is the volatility of transaction fees, which not only frustrates users but also makes it difficult for developers to establish robust business models and accurately predict end users' willingness to pay.

So where is the problem, and what is the way forward?

The current misalignment is evident: stablecoins earn interest by placing reserves in off-chain U.S. Treasury bonds and money market funds; however, the blockchain incurs real costs for daily operations such as on-chain sorting, nodes, and data settlement. Profits are made off-chain, while expenses are incurred on-chain, with no channel in between. As a result, many networks have to raise transaction fees to "support themselves," but users and developers need a low-fee environment, creating a disparity. The data costs on the Ethereum mainnet are decreasing, and the "price increase space" is being squeezed: raising fees harms user experience, while not raising them makes it difficult to maintain operations, leading to an unsustainable situation.

A more direct approach is to treat the interest earned from stablecoin reserves as the network's "utility costs." Users deposit dollars to mint stablecoins, and the funds are used to purchase safe, highly liquid assets that periodically generate auditable interest; this interest does not remain with the issuer but is directly used to cover the operational costs of MegaETH's sorting nodes. This way, the network does not need to rely on "charging higher fees" to survive, allowing it to price services at cost, resulting in users seeing predictable, fractional Gas fees. This completely overturns the traditional model: previously, "the more users pay, the more the network earns," but now it has shifted to "the faster the network grows, the more reserve income it generates, and the fees become more stable."

Choosing to collaborate with Ethena is also strategic. Ethena is currently the third-largest issuer of U.S. dollar stablecoins, managing over $13 billion in funds, and has a solid user base in the DeFi community. This alignment of interests truly creates a positive cycle: as the network's transaction volume expands, USDm reserves increase, and interest returns become more abundant, leading to a beneficial interaction between network revenue and ecosystem growth—not relying on users to bear more costs, but allowing growth itself to sustain the network. Combined with MegaETH's real-time performance and cost-based transaction fees, this provides an ideal environment for developers to create real-time interactive applications. If this model succeeds, a stable fee environment at the fractional level could make many previously "unimaginable" high-frequency applications a reality, such as on-chain high-frequency trading, real-time game interactions, and micropayments.

Source: MegaETH

How to Face Future Challenges?

First, let's look at the broader environment. The interest from stablecoins mainly comes from U.S. Treasury bonds and money market funds. When interest rates are high, the interest is sufficient and can subsidize network costs; when rates drop, interest decreases, and whether low fees can still hold up becomes a tough question. This reliance on external interest rates carries cyclical risks, necessitating the design of a "buffer." Next, consider technology and scale: theoretically, the more transactions there are, the larger the interest pool, and the more room there is for fee reductions; however, when it comes to cross-chain, high-frequency applications, and ecosystem expansion, the mechanisms are more prone to issues, and stability must be maintained. There is also the challenge of competition: USDT, USDC, and DAI all have solid user bases, and even if a new model seems smarter, it requires time for education and ecosystem building to earn the trust of developers and users.

Ultimately, the dramatic fluctuations in transaction fees expose the old problem of misalignment between "revenue" and "expenses." The excitement built on subsidies often does not last long. Using interest directly to "sustain the network" is an exploration of a more sustainable path: allowing stablecoins to not only handle payment settlements but also to support the network. The real test ahead is whether this design can pass the tests of governance transparency, long-term sustainability, and scalability. If it can, those high-frequency, low-cost, and user-friendly applications that have been suppressed by high fees will finally have the opportunity to become part of everyday life.

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