Original source: Brevis

Brevis today released the ProverNet white paper, introducing its decentralized zero-knowledge proof generation market architecture, which is based on empirical testing in the production environment of mainstream multi-chain protocols. This system addresses a fundamental limitation in existing proof infrastructure—the inability to effectively serve heterogeneous computing tasks that require different hardware, proof systems, and optimization methods.

ProverNet views proof generation as a two-sided market where applications submit specific requests, and specialized provers bid to meet these needs. The market operates through a Truthful Online Double Auction mechanism, designed to handle multiple types of proofs simultaneously while ensuring honest bidding and optimal resource allocation. ProverNet plans to launch by the end of 2025.

Production Scale Reveals Infrastructure Limitations

Brevis's current infrastructure has generated over 124 million proofs for 98,000 users, covering protocols including PancakeSwap, Uniswap, Euler, Linea, and MetaMask, facilitating $224 million in trustless reward distribution. These deployments significantly reveal the diversity of proof workloads, while a single vendor architecture struggles to provide effective service.

PancakeSwap's VIP fee rate discount system requires generating sub-second proofs for individual traders before each transaction to check eligibility. Euler's incentive distribution processes 100,000 addresses every four hours, prioritizing throughput over latency. Linea's ecosystem activities generated 12.1 million proofs for multi-protocol reward calculations, involving 61,902 addresses. Each workload requires different hardware configurations, proof systems (SNARKs vs. STARKs), and performance characteristics.

Michael, CEO and co-founder of Brevis, stated: "Current proof systems are optimized for specific use cases, such as certain Rollups, single virtual machines, or homogeneous workload types. The birth of ProverNet stems from our observation that applications fundamentally require different proof methods. A market where specialized provers compete is more efficient than any single operator trying to serve all use cases."

Market Architecture and TODA Mechanism

ProverNet's architecture treats different proof types as distinct goods in an auction. Applications specify proof requirements, including processing types (zkVM execution, data proofs, recursive aggregation), deadlines, maximum fees, and quality parameters. The TODA mechanism calculates optimal allocations in each round, matching heterogeneous requests with suitable proof capabilities.

This mechanism addresses the unique challenges of the proof generation market. Traditional auction mechanisms are based on the assumption of homogeneous goods, while TODA can handle multiple proof types simultaneously. Complex proof tasks are broken down into subtasks, executed collaboratively by different provers.

For example, a zkVM proof may involve generating chunks on one prover, compressing on another, aggregating on a third, and finally performing final verification packaging on a fourth dedicated system.

TODA guarantees several economic properties:

• Truthfulness (the optimal strategy is to bid honestly)
• Budget balance (fees collected exceed fees paid)
• Individual rationality (no participant accepts unprofitable tasks)
• Asymptotic optimality (as the supply of provers increases, allocations approach maximum efficiency).

The market operates on the Brevis Chain, a dedicated Rollup architecture designed for auction coordination. This architecture isolates market throughput from Layer 1 or Layer 2 network congestion while maintaining transparency and permissionless participation. Proofs generated through ProverNet can be verified against any target blockchain.

Pico zkVM and Real-Time Proofs

ProverNet builds on Brevis's existing proof infrastructure, which includes two complementary products to serve different computational needs.

Pico zkVM adopts a "universal core + high-performance coprocessor" architecture, where a minimal and efficient core connects to dedicated cryptographic accelerators, allowing programs to achieve targeted hardware optimization while running a stable virtual machine.

Pico Prism recently achieved proof coverage of 99.6% for Ethereum blocks with a gas limit of 45 million, completing 96.8% of those proofs within 12 seconds, with an average proof time of 6.9 seconds. The system uses a 64×RTX 5090 GPU cluster, achieving real-time proofs at 50% lower hardware costs than the previous market-leading zkVM.

ZK data coprocessors enable smart contracts to access historical blockchain data and perform off-chain computations that can be cryptographically verified.

Supported applications include PancakeSwap's VIP rates (checking 30 days of trading volume before transactions), Euler's trustless reward distribution (processing time-weighted balances for thousands of addresses), and Uniswap v4's routing rebates (verifying transaction eligibility without a centralized ledger).

These integrations demonstrate the data-intensive proof demands distinct from general computational verification.

Together, these systems establish the economic feasibility of achieving real-time cryptographic verification at the foundational layer scale while serving the heterogeneous workload types that incentivize the ProverNet market architecture.

Impact on the ZK Ecosystem

ProverNet represents a shift from a single proof supplier infrastructure to a market-demand-based resource allocation. Existing prover networks are often optimized for narrow use cases (such as specific Rollup proofs, specific virtual machines, or homogeneous workload types), limiting their ability to efficiently serve diverse needs.

The market auction model allows proof teams to focus on specific optimization goals (STARK-based batching, low-latency SNARK proofs, specific cryptographic operations) without needing to build general-purpose infrastructure, while applications can obtain competitive pricing and service guarantees without being affected by vendor lock-in.

For developers, this eliminates the dilemma of balancing the construction of custom proof infrastructure (which is costly and time-consuming) against reliance on centralized services (which introduce trust assumptions), as cryptographic verification ensures the correctness of computations, while market competition guarantees pricing efficiency and capacity availability.

More Information

The complete ProverNet white paper can be accessed at: http://www.brevis.network/whitepaper/provernet.pdf

A concise technical overview has been published on the Brevis blog: https://blog.brevis.network/2025/10/28/brevis-provernet-building-the-open-marketplace-for-zero-knowledge-proofs/

This article is contributed content and does not represent the views of BlockBeats.

免责声明：本文章仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本平台的立场和观点。本文章仅供信息分享，不构成对任何人的任何投资建议。用户与作者之间的任何争议，与本平台无关。如网页中刊载的文章或图片涉及侵权，请提供相关的权利证明和身份证明发送邮件到support@aicoin.com，本平台相关工作人员将会进行核查。