In terms of the unchanged GDP per capita, India is only at the level of China in the year 2000, lagging behind by a full 34 years.

The key to whether India can replicate China's miracle lies in the development of its manufacturing industry, as outsourcing services can only help to a limited extent.

In plain terms, this is due to the different characteristics of the service economy and the commodity economy:

Commodities can be shipped by sea at a low cost. For example, the shipping cost from a Chinese port to another continent may be cheaper than transporting goods within China's inland.

However, services are subject to severe limitations and can only focus on low-end work such as customer service and technical support, with limited overall scale.

As a result, the globalization of commodities is more extensive and profound, while the service industry is still largely local.

Currently, it seems that India's manufacturing industry faces obstacles, not only due to inherent conditions being inferior to China, such as climate and education levels, but more crucially due to systemic issues in India, with low government efficiency.

They should take a good look at China's county-level competition mechanism.

So many foreigners actually don't understand China well enough; they only look at the surface. They don't understand the substance.

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